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    Documentation, Specifications & Instructions

    Everything architects, installers, designers, and procurement managers need to specify, approve, and install with confidence.

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    Where bold imagination meets lightweight durability

    High-impact EPS and polyurea solutions that bring your boldest concepts to life. Visually stunning, structurally durable, and lightweight enough for quick, hassle-free setup in any environment.
    Material Composition
    Material Composition
    Durability
    REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
    Cost Efficiency
    Installation Speed
    Customization
    Engineering Performance
    Aesthetics
    EPS Core + Polyurea Shell
    vs. Conventional Materials
    ComponentDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
    EPS CorePrimary shaped body1.0 / 2.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Defines weight + compressive behaviorAll EPS productsRoyal Foam working density
    Adhesive LayerLaminates foam sectionsConstruction-gradesystemManufacturer specPrevents separation of partsBuilt-up productsUse compatible foam-safe adhesive
    Polyurea ShellPrimary hard protective coat30–60milManufacturer specImpact, moisture, abrasion resistanceExterior productsRoyal Foam working thickness
    Base PrimerPromotes coating bond1 coatlayerManufacturer specImproves adhesionBefore polyureaRequired by coating system
    Finish CoatPaint or decorative finish2 coatslayerPaint specUV resistance + final appearanceExterior/interiorColor depends on project
    ProductsTop architectural elementCustomdimensionProject drawingsVisual hierarchyClassical/custom productsCan be foam-built or composite
    ProductsMain cylindrical/tapered bodyCustomdimensionProject drawingsMain visible massRound/square/tapered productsCNC-shaped
    ProductsBottom transition elementCustomdimensionProject drawingsVisual stability + clean terminationAll productsSized to field conditions
    Mechanical AnchoringAttachment to substrateProject-specificdetailEngineer of record / FBCResists wind and service loadsExterior productsDepends on wall/frame condition
    Sealant at JointsWeather sealing at seamsExterior-gradesystemSealant specHelps block water intrusionSegment jointsImportant in Florida exposure
    Wind ResistanceAssembly performance target120–180PSFFlorida Building Code / project engineeringAffects fastening designExterior useDepends on geometry + anchorage
    Service LifeExpected lifespan when properly built15–25+yearsIndustry practiceSupports lifecycle valueCommercial/residentialRequires maintenance of finish

    Integrated Multi-Layer System

    Our company’s architectural products are engineered as a fully integrated system composed of:

    • EPS Core: 1.0–2.0 lb/ft³ density
    • Polyurea Coating: two-component, 30–60 mils
    • Adhesion Primer
    • UV-Stable Finish Coat

    Core Philosophy

    This is not a sequence of separate layers. It is a closed engineered envelope where every component has a defined structural or protective role.

    Functional Role of Each Layer

    • EPS Core: Provides geometric form. Maintains dimensional stability. Reduces total weight.
    • Polyurea Shell: Adds mechanical resistance. Provides chemical inertness. Blocks moisture intrusion.
    • Primer Layer: Ensures bond integrity between materials.
    • Finish Coat: Protects against UV exposure. Stabilizes final appearance.

    Why Conventional Materials Fall Short

    • Wood: Vulnerable to moisture and decay. Requires constant maintenance. Can structurally degrade in 3–7 years in harsh climates.
    • Fiberglass: Dependent on rigid molds. Limited to prefabricated shapes. Custom designs become expensive.
    • PVC: Thermal expansion: $5–8 \times 10^{-5}/°C$. Can warp, open joints, and lose dimensional accuracy under temperature swings.
    • Precast Concrete / Natural Stone: Extremely heavy. Requires cranes and reinforced substrates. Slower, more complex installation process.

    Performance Advantages of Our Company

    • CNC Precision: ±3 mm across any profile.
    • Weight Reduction: 60–80% lighter than reinforced concrete.
    • Faster Installation: No heavy lifting equipment required.
    • Lower Structural Load: Reduced dead load on building envelope.
    • Wind Resistance: 120–180 PSF.
    • Code Engineering: Designed to Florida Building Code requirements.
    • Permit Ready: Substrate-specific anchorage by licensed engineer.

    Final Result

    Our company is not a decorative surface treatment. It is a fully documented, engineered, permit-ready architectural system designed to move efficiently from fabrication to installation without rework.

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    Engineering Advantages of EPS/Polyurea Over Wood, PVC, and Fiberglass
    Material Composition
    Layer / materialDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
    EPS Type ILightweight core option1.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Lower weight, easier handlingNon-critical decorative volumesEconomical option
    EPS Type IIDenser core option2.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Higher compressive performanceHigher-abuse / larger elementsPreferred for stronger assemblies
    Closed-cell EPSFoam cell structureClosed-celltypeASTM C578Low water absorption compared with open-cell foamsExterior/interiorRoyal Foam technology
    Polyurea CoatingElastomeric hard coat30–60milManufacturer specPrimary durability layerExterior elementsRoyal Foam working range
    Polyurea ChemistryFast-set sprayed coating2-componentsystemManufacturer specRapid cure for productionCoated EPS partsRequires proper prep
    PrimerSurface preparation layer1 coatlayerManufacturer specPromotes coating bondBefore polyureaDo not skip CNC-shaped
    Paint / FinishUV-stable decorative finish2 coatslayerPaint specColor retention + aestheticsVisible surfacesFinal appearance depends on finish system
    AdhesiveFoam-safe joining materialProject-specificsystemManufacturer specSection bondingMulti-part assembliesMust be coating-compatible
    SealantFlexible weather joint materialExterior-gradesystemSealant specMoisture defense at seamsField jointsImportant for Florida rain exposure
    Optional ReinforcementInternal rods/plates/bracketsProject-specificdetailEngineer of recordImproves anchorage / load transferLarge or special elementsNot every element needs it
    Fasteners / AnchorsAttachment hardwareProject-specificdetailFBC / engineerCritical to actual wind performanceExterior installationSubstrate matters
    Surface TextureSmooth / stone / custom effectCustomfinishProject specControls visual styleArchitectural applicationsSupports premium positioning

    Engineered Composite System

    Our company’s products are built on a composite material architecture that no single conventional material can replicate.

    Core Structure

    • EPS TYPE I: 1.0 lb/ft³ density
    • EPS TYPE II: 2.0 lb/ft³ density
    • Standards: Classified under ASTM C578
    • Material: Closed-cell EPS foam
    • Moisture Resistance: Water absorption below 2% per ASTM C272

    Why It Matters

    This low absorption threshold is critical for facade elements exposed to:

    • Wind-driven rain
    • Condensation cycles
    • Sustained humidity

    Protective Outer Shell: Two-Component Polyurea Coating

    • Applied Thickness: 30–60 mils
    • Shore D Hardness: 40–70
    • Durability: High impact and abrasion resistance
    • Chemistry: Chemical inertness

    Performance Benefit:

    Far exceeds conventional paints and gelcoats in durability and service resistance.

    Technical Comparison with Competing Materials

    • WOOD: Hygroscopic by molecular structure. Shrinks, warps, and separates under wet/dry cycles. Vulnerable to fungi and insects. Structural degradation in 5–10 years in warm humid climates.
    • ENGINEERED LUMBER: Reduces variability, but remains moisture-sensitive and biologically vulnerable.
    • PVC: Loses 30–40% elastic modulus above 40°C (104°F). Creeps under self-weight and wind pressure. UV causes embrittlement and pigment breakdown in 7–10 years.
    • FIBERGLASS: Often lacks third-party certified data in custom fabrication. Gelcoat damage allows hidden water intrusion. Internal delamination may remain invisible until failure.

    Failure Modes Eliminated by Royal Foam

    Our company EPS + Polyurea removes all common substrate failures:

    • No cellulosic substrate to rot
    • No metal components to corrode
    • No thermoplastic matrix to creep
    • No laminate interface to delaminate

    Long-Term Client Value (Delivered Performance)

    • Projected Service Life: 15–25+ years
    • Maintenance Interval: 5–10 years
    • Topcoat refinishing only
    • ASTM-traceable performance data
    • Based on documented standards, not marketing claims

    Final Statement:

    Our company is a measurable, testable, engineered exterior product system designed for long-term architectural performance.

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    Systemic Service Performance of EPS/Polyurea in Demanding Climates
    Durability
    FactorDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
    EPS DensityCore density affects dent resistance1.0 / 2.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Higher density improves robustnessAll Products2.0 better where abuse is higher
    Polyurea ThicknessPrimary hard coat thickness30–60milManufacturer specMajor durability driverExterior ProductsRoyal Foam Working Range
    Water AbsorptionEPS water absorptionLowqualitativeASTM C272Helps in humid environmentsExterior/interiorSystem still needs sealed finish
    Moisture ResistanceCoated system resists rain splashHighratingFinish systemFlorida suitabilityExterior ProductsSeams must be sealed
    UV ExposureFinish must resist sun degradationRequires topcoatsystemPaint specAffects color lifeExterior in FloridaPolyurea should be topcoated
    Impact ResistanceCoating helps resist minor impactMedium to highratingCoating specImportant at pedestrian levelRetail/commercialNot equivalent to solid concrete
    Crack ControlJoint detailing reduces cracking riskProject-specificdetailInstallation best practicePreserves appearanceSegmented buildsMovement joints may be needed
    Abrasion ResistanceHard shell resists scuffingHighratingCoating specUseful in touch-prone areasEntry ProductsDepends on finish quality
    Biological ResistanceEPS does not rot like woodHighratingMaterial propertyLowers maintenanceExterior/interiorStill protect finish required
    Corrosion ResistanceFoam shell will not rustHighratingMaterial propertyAdvantage over unprotected steel skinsHumid/coastal areasAnchors may still require protection
    Maintenance CycleRepaint/reseal as needed5–10 typicalyearsPaint maintenanceExtends service lifeExterior projectsClimate + color affect cycle
    Service LifeExpected full-system life15–25+yearsIndustry practiceSupports lifecycle valueAll ProductsAssumes proper installation

     

    Warm, coastal, and high-humidity climates present a compound durability challenge for exterior architectural products: wind-driven rain, sustained UV exposure, biological growth, salt-laden air, and diurnal thermal cycling all operate simultaneously and without interruption for the full service life of the installation.

    Any material selection that addresses only one or two of these mechanisms while remaining vulnerable to the others will produce premature failure.

    Our company EPS/polyurea products are engineered to resist all active degradation mechanisms in parallel, not in sequence.

    The polyurea coating at 30–60 mils functions as a continuous elastomeric barrier — no seams, no capillary channels, no porous zones through which moisture can migrate to the EPS core.

    With Shore D hardness of 40–70, it resists pedestrian-level mechanical impacts (tool contact, equipment brushing, incidental loading) at a level unachievable with conventional latex paint or fiberglass gelcoat.

    The EPS core is chemically inert: it does not provide a metabolizable carbon source for fungal or bacterial colonization, does not react with moisture, and does not contain ferrous components capable of corrosion.

    When joints and terminations are properly detailed and sealed, the assembled system delivers high moisture resistance performance even under sustained wind-driven rain exposure.

    Competing Materials Fail by Documented Mechanisms

    • WOOD: Demands repainting every 3–5 years, chemical treatment against insect attack, and annual inspection for decay — cumulative 20-year maintenance expenditure routinely exceeds original installed cost.
    • PVC: Embrittles and discolors under UV in 7–10 years; thermal expansion mismatches at joints create pathways for water infiltration.
    • FIBERGLASS: Delaminates internally when the protective gelcoat is breached, a failure mode that is undetectable without non-destructive testing until visible surface collapse occurs.

    Clients who specify our company products receive a warranted system service life of 15–25+ years, a predictable maintenance cycle of topcoat refinishing every 5–10 years, and resistance to biological, mechanical, UV, and moisture degradation that does not require the owner to manage multiple separate protection programs.

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    EPS/Polyurea as a Fully Documentable System
    REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
    RequirementDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
    EPS Material StandardFoam classificationType I / Type IIclassASTM C578Defines density/performance baselineAll EPS partsUse project-appropriate type
    Water Absorption TestMoisture behavior referenceApplicabletestASTM C272Supports durability documentationExterior useUseful for submittals
    Surface BurningFire performance referenceClassified by assemblyratingASTM E84Important in code reviewCommercial/interior conditionsDepends on full assembly
    Florida Wind DesignWind exposure must be engineered120–180PSFFlorida Building CodeCritical for exterior approvalFlorida projectsFinal value depends on site + anchorage
    Anchorage DesignFasteners and substrate must be checkedProject-specificdetailFBC / engineer of recordReal compliance is in attachmentExterior elementsDo not rely on foam alone
    IBC CoordinationGeneral building code coordinationRequiredstatusIBC as adopted locallyEnsures broader code consistencyCommercial workUse local jurisdiction requirements
    Flame Retardant EPSWhere required by spec/codeSpecify as neededstatusProject specSupports fire-related compliance strategyCommercial/interior useVerify exact project requirement
    Permit DrawingsDimensions + attachment detailsRequiredstatusPermit processNeeded for approvalsCommercial / HOA / municipalPrepare submittal set
    Engineering ReviewStamped review when requiredRequired by projectstatusEngineer of recordReduces approval riskFlorida exterior workEspecially high-wind zones
    Sealant / Joint DetailingWeather management in assemblyRequiredstatusBest practice / project specAffects envelope behaviorExterior jointsNot optional in exposed conditions
    Accessibility / ClearanceProducts must not conflict with circulationProject-specificdetailIBC/ADA as applicableField coordination issueWalkways/entriesDepends on placement
    Local Jurisdiction ReviewCounty/city interpretation variesRequiredstatusLocal AHJMust be checked earlyAll permitted workNever assume one-size-fits-all

     

    REGULATORY APPROVAL OF EXTERIOR ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS IS NOT A FORMALITY — it is a critical path item in the construction schedule.

    Risk Factors:

    A rejection from the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ), a request for additional engineering data from the HOA, or a code-compliance question from the plan reviewer can delay a project by weeks, trigger contract penalty clauses, and require the design team to produce documentation under time pressure.

    Strategy:

    Selecting a material system with a complete, pre-existing compliance package is a direct risk mitigation strategy for the owner, developer, and general contractor.

    Technical Standards & Submittals

    ASTM Standards:

    • ASTM C578 classifies EPS foam by type and provides numerical values for density, compressive resistance, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity — the language of structural engineers and code reviewers.
    • ASTM C272 quantifies water absorption of cellular plastic insulation, providing the test data required for moisture-related code provisions.
    • ASTM E84 establishes surface burning characteristics for flame spread and smoke development, essential for commercial occupancies and interior code compliance.

    Wind Load Requirements:

    The Florida Building Code wind load requirements of 120–180 PSF (depending on exposure category and geographic location) are addressed through engineered anchorage design produced by a licensed professional engineer — not generic installation guidelines.

    This stands in direct contrast to unstandardized wood assemblies, which have no unified certification system for decorative architectural elements, and to custom fiberglass products that frequently lack third-party material certification entirely.

    Submittal Package:

    Our company compliance package includes shop drawings with anchorage details, material specifications with ASTM references, engineering calculations for wind load resistance, and safety data sheets for all coating components — everything an AHJ, HOA, or municipal permitting office requires in a single submission.

    Client Benefit:

    Clients receive a product that passes code review on the first submission, eliminating the cost of re-engineering, resubmission fees, schedule delays, and legal exposure associated with non-compliant installations.

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    Total Cost of Ownership Advantage of EPS/Polyurea Over Competing Systems
    Cost Efficiency
    FactorDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
    EPS Type I Cost BaseLower-cost core option1.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Improves entry priceBudget-sensitive decorative workUse where structurally appropriate
    EPS Type II Cost BaseHigher-density core option2.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Higher material cost but better robustnessPremium / larger piecesOften better value long-term
    Polyurea UsageWorking coating thickness30–60milManufacturer specCoating is a major cost driverExterior elementsHigher mil = higher durability + cost
    Weight SavingsSystem lighter than precast/concreteMajoradvant ageMaterial comparisonCuts shipping and handling costAll projectsA core EPS advantage
    Labor SavingsLighter parts reduce installation labor2–4 typicalpeopleField practiceSpeeds site workProductsDepends on size
    Equipment SavingsOften less lifting equipment than heavy materialsReducedneedField practiceLowers install costRetrofit/new constructionLarge pieces may still need support
    Shipping EfficiencyMore pieces per shipment vs heavy masonryHighratingLogistics comparisonImproves delivered economicsRegional/national projectsPackaging still matters
    Substrate Load ReductionLower dead load on structureHighratingEngineering logicCan reduce structural burdenRetrofits/façadesEspecially useful on existing buildings
    Maintenance EfficiencyNo rot and low routine upkeepHighratingLifecycle comparisonBetter TCO than some wood systemsExterior useFinish maintenance still required
    Replacement Cost RiskDamaged decorative parts can be replaced fasterMediumratingOperational logicReduces future disruptionCommercial/residentialDepends on attachment access
    Customization EconomicsCNC shaping is efficient for custom geometriesHighratingManufacturing capabilityBetter than carving stone/wood manuallyCustom workStrong Royal Foam advantage
    Lifecycle Value15–25+ year service potential15–25+yearsIndustry practiceSupports long-term ROIAll elementsWith proper finish maintenance

     

    TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP AS THE TRUE ECONOMIC MEASURE

    The economic case for any architectural material system cannot be made on unit purchase price alone.

    The total cost of ownership (TCO) integrates:

    • Procurement
    • Freight
    • Handling
    • Installation labor
    • Unplanned repair
    • End-of-life replacement
    • Equipment rental
    • Routine maintenance

    This applies over the full service life — a horizon of 15–25 years for exterior facade elements. On this complete accounting basis, our company’s EPS/polyurea products consistently outperform every competing material category, including wood, PVC, fiberglass, and precast concrete.

    Installation and Freight Economics

    Weight Advantage:

    Installation economics are driven by weight. At 60–80% less mass than reinforced concrete and natural stone, our company products require:

    • No crane equipment
    • No reinforced substructure
    • No extended cure periods

    Labor Efficiency:

    A crew of 2–4 workers installs a typical product set in 4–8 hours, compared with multi-day schedules for masonry piers, precast elements assemblies, or cast-in-place concrete.

    Freight Efficiency:

    Freight economics follow directly: a given truck load carries significantly more EPS product by volume and by count than any masonry or stone alternative, reducing per-unit delivered cost.

    CNC Production Efficiency:

    CNC fabrication eliminates hand-finishing labor inherent to wood and stone production and produces consistent output with a near-zero defect rate:

    • No rework
    • No field modification
    • No waste from material variability

    Custom Geometry Economics:

    Custom geometry economics are fundamentally different for EPS/polyurea versus competing systems.

    Competing Systems:

    • Fiberglass custom profiles require fabrication of molds and counter-molds at 2,000–15,000 per profile, with lead times of 3–8 weeks.
    • PVC custom extrusion dies carry comparable tooling costs.
    • Wood custom millwork requires specialized equipment, skilled labor, and extended production time.

    Long-Term Maintenance Savings:

    Long-term maintenance includes major advantages:

    • No rot means no chemical treatment programs.
    • No pest control contracts.
    • No emergency replacement of decayed elements.
    • Topcoat refinishing every 5–10 years is the only planned maintenance expenditure.
    • Individual damaged components can be replaced in isolation without disturbing adjacent elements.

    Our company Advantage:

    With our company, any geometry is milled directly from a digital model at no tooling premium — a single profile or a full production run carries the same per-unit fabrication cost structure.

    Final Economic Result

    On a 20-year TCO basis, our company delivers the lowest total cost of any equivalent architectural product category.

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    EPS/Polyurea as a Construction Schedule Compression Tool
    Installation Speed
    FactorDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
    EPS Core WeightLighter core speeds handling1.0 / 2.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Faster movement on siteAll elementsDensity still light relative to masonry
    Coating CurePolyurea fast-set production advantageFast-setpropertyManufacturer specImproves shop throughputProduction phaseExact cure depends on system
    Typical Install CrewSmall crew can often handle installs2–4peopleField practiceSupports speedMost elements jobsSize-dependent
    Typical Install WindowCommon field install duration per elements set4–8hoursField estimateUseful for planningStandard projectsComplex jobs vary
    Prefab ProductionElements sections arrive ready to fitHighratingManufacturing methodCuts field fabricationCommercial/residentialMajor advantage over site-built
    Dry ConstructionLess wet-site labor than cast systemsHighratingMethod comparisonReduces delaysRetrofit/newHelpful for schedule-sensitive jobs
    Reduced Site CleanupLower mess vs heavy masonry workHighratingField comparisonImproves productivityOccupied sitesImportant in retail/hospitality
    Simplified ShapingCNC fabrication speeds custom geometryHighratingManufacturing capabilityFast custom iterationCustom elementsSupports design agility
    Transport HandlingLighter freight easier to stageHighratingLogisticsSpeeds unloadingMulti-piece ordersProtect finish during handling
    Anchor PrepPreplanned anchorage reduces field delaysProject-specificdetailInstallation planningCritical path itemExterior elementsCoordinate early
    Finish CoordinationFactory-finished parts reduce field paintingOptionalstrategyProduction planningSaves on-site timeProjects needing quick turnoverTouch-up may still be needed
    Schedule Compression ValueFaster install helps open projects soonerHighratingBusiness impactDirect client valueCommercial projectsStrong sales argument

     

    IN COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION, SCHEDULE COMPRESSION IS A DIRECT REVENUE STRATEGY

    Every day of accelerated project delivery reduces financing carrying costs, advances the revenue start date for the completed asset, and reduces general conditions expenditure — site supervision, temporary facilities, and overhead.

    Facade element installation is frequently a schedule-critical activity: it gates exterior envelope closure, painting, and final inspections.

    The material system selected for architectural products therefore has a direct and quantifiable impact on project economics, not just on installed appearance.

    OUR COMPANY PREFABRICATED PRODUCTS ARRIVE ON SITE FULLY PROCESSED: EPS-SHAPED, POLYUREA-COATED, PRIMED, AND FINISH-COATED

    There is no formwork to build, no concrete to pour, no cure period to observe, no wet-trade sequencing to coordinate.

    Fast-cure polyurea coating systems reduce factory finishing cycle time to hours per production run — a throughput rate that fiberglass laminating and wood finishing operations cannot match.

    Installation Comparison:

    • A typical installation of a complete product set requires a crew of 2–4 workers and 4–8 hours of on-site labor, versus multi-day or multi-week schedules for masonry piers, precast assemblies, or site-built wood elements.
    • The dry-installation method eliminates weather-dependent cure windows that routinely extend wet-trade schedules in high-humidity and rain-prone environments.

    CNC FABRICATION PROVIDES AN ADDITIONAL SCHEDULE ADVANTAGE AT THE DESIGN STAGE

    Custom profile geometry is produced by modifying a digital model and initiating a milling run — a process measured in hours, not the weeks required to fabricate new fiberglass molds or commission custom extrusion tooling.

    When design changes occur late in the project timeline, Royal Foam can respond without a schedule penalty.

    Logistics & ROI:

    Prefabrication also reduces site congestion: fewer trades, less equipment, and a compressed installation window mean that other parallel activities on the critical path are not disrupted.
    Clients receive a measurable construction schedule advantage, a documented reduction in general conditions cost during facade installation, and earlier building turnover — all direct contributions to project-level return on investment.

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    EPS/Polyurea Delivers Design Freedom Unavailable in Competing Systems
    Customization
    FactorDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
    Diameter OptionsRound/square/tapered sizing flexibility10–36+inProject drawingsSupports many stylesAll elementsCustom sizes possible
    Height OptionsCustom overall height capability8–24ftProject drawingsAllows project-specific proportioningEntries/porticosSegmented builds for taller elements
    Elements StylesDoric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, customCustomstyleArchitectural intentExpands design appealClassical/custom workMajor differentiator
    Elements StylesMultiple elements profilesCustomstyleArchitectural intentSupports architectural fitAll elementsCan match existing conditions
    Elements GeometryRound, square, fluted, tapered, smoothCustomgeometryDesign drawingsWide spec rangeCommercial/residentialCNC-enabled
    Texture OptionsSmooth, stone, faux finishesCustomfinishProject specImproves design flexibilityPremium façadesDepends on finish system
    Color OptionsPainted to project paletteCustomcolorPaint specBrand/architectural matchingAll visible workColor affects maintenance cycle
    Split / Wrap OptionsElements can be made as wraps around existing postsAvailableconfigurationManufacturing capabilityGreat for retrofitRenovation workStrong practical value
    Multi-Part FabricationLarge elements built in sectionsAvailablemethodManufacturing methodMakes shipping/install practicalOversized elementsJoint detailing matters
    Matching Existing ArchitectureCustom profiles from photos/drawingsAvailableserviceDesign workflowHigh-value service for restorationHistoric/custom homesPremium offering
    Integrated Decorative BandsAdd rings, reveals, trim featuresCustomfeatureDesign drawingsBoosts visual distinctionLuxury/commercialGood upsell
    Specification FlexibilityCan tailor density, coat, finish, attachmentProject-specificpackageProject requirementsLets product match use caseB2B specificationsImportant for architects

     

    CUSTOMIZATION IS BUILT INTO THE PROCESS

    Architectural customization is not a feature added to the EPS/polyurea production process — it is inherent to the CNC milling technology on which the process is elements.

    A CNC mill operates from a three-dimensional digital model and reproduces any geometry the model defines, at the same per-unit cost regardless of profile complexity.

    Manufacturing Advantages:

    • No tooling penalty for unique geometry.
    • No minimum run size for custom profiles.
    • No dimensional constraint imposed by the manufacturing process itself.

    WIDE GEOMETRIC AND SURFACE CAPABILITIES PRECISION REPRODUCTION

    The practical range of geometric parameters is extensive.
    Architectural orders — Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and composite — are reproduced from measured drawings or high-resolution reference photography to profile tolerances of ±3 mm.

    Contemporary and proprietary profiles developed by the project architect are produced directly from CAD files without intermediate tooling.

    Dimensional Range:

    Dimensional range extends from slender decorative elements to large-scale architectural components exceeding 900 mm in cross-section and 7.3 m in height, fabricated in interlocking segments for shipping and field assembly.

    Surface Treatments

    Surface treatments include:

    • Smooth paint-ready finishes.
    • Faux stone textures.
    • Custom tactile profiles.
    • Applied decorative bands.

    All achievable within the same production system.

    Renovation and Wrap Applications

    The wrap configuration — EPS/polyurea cladding fabricated to enclose an existing structural post or elements — extends the application of Royal Foam products to renovation and restoration work where structural elements are already in place.

    This single capability addresses a major gap in the competing product range: Fiberglass and PVC do not offer field-adaptable wrap systems.

    Wood wraps are limited by available lumber dimensions and remain vulnerable to the same decay mechanisms as solid wood elements.

    Direct Competitive Comparison

    Custom fiberglass profiles require mold fabrication at $2,000–
    15,000 per profile with 3–8 week lead times.

    Custom PVC requires extrusion die investment with comparable cost and timeline.

    Custom stone or wood millwork involves manual production at hourly craft rates with high variability.

    Our company custom product is priced and scheduled on the same basis as standard product.

    Final Client Benefit

    Clients receive architectural elements that precisely match the design specification:

    • No dimensional compromise.
    • No design simplification.
    • No cost penalty for doing the project right.
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    EPS/Polyurea as a Fully Designable Technical System
    Engineering Performance
    FactorDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
    EPS Density SelectionEngineering starts with correct foam density1.0 / 2.0lb/ft³ASTM C578Affects compression and handlingAll elementsSpecify by use case
    Wind Load DesignExterior performance target120–180PSFFlorida Building CodeCritical engineering driverFlorida elementsDepends on exposure + anchorage
    Polyurea ThicknessProtective shell design range30–60milManufacturer specMajor role in surface performanceExterior elementsRoyal Foam Working Range
    Compressive StrengthDensity-dependent EPS resistanceApprox. 10–25psiASTM C578Useful baseline for core behaviorAll elementsHigher density generally stronger
    Attachment DesignAnchorage must transfer real loadsProject-specificdetailEngineer of recordMost important structural detailExterior installsSubstrate governs solution
    Substrate ReviewCMU, wood, steel, concrete behave differentlyRequiredstatusEngineering practiceControls fastener designRetrofit/newAlways verify field conditions
    Joint EngineeringSection seams need bonding + sealingRequiredstatusInstallation best practiceAffects long-term integrityTall/segmented elementsDo not treat as cosmetic only
    Tolerance ControlShop precision improves fit and appearance±1/8 typicalinQC practiceReduces reworkCustom elementsImportant for wrap installs
    CAD / CNC WorkflowDigital production supports repeatabilityYescapabilityManufacturing workflowHigher accuracy and customizationAll custom workA major differentiator
    Detailing PackageShop drawings/sections/install detailsAvailableserviceProject workflowSpeeds approvals + installB2B projectsValuable for architects/GCs
    Value EngineeringSystem can be optimized by density/coat/detailAvailableserviceEngineering workflowImproves budget-performance balanceCommercial projectsStrong sales tool
    Field CoordinationEngineering must match actual site conditionsRequiredstatusConstruction practicePrevents failures and delaysEvery projectNever skip verification

     

    Documentability as the Core Engineering Criterion

    The defining criterion for material selection in engineered construction is documentability: the ability to assign specific, defensible numerical values to material properties, use those values in structural calculations, and have the resulting design reviewed and approved by a licensed engineer and the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

    Why Competing Materials Fall Short

    • WOOD: Wood fails this criterion for decorative architectural elements because its properties vary by species, moisture content, grain orientation, and defect distribution. Reference standards such as the NDS provide design value ranges, not precise values.
    • FIBERGLASS: Custom fiberglass often fails because the fabricator cannot provide certified laminate property data for third-party engineering review.
    • PVC: PVC is classified as a non-structural thermoplastic and is not used in engineered resistance calculations for wind or gravity loads.

    EPS/polyurea is the only system in this competitive set that can be fully characterized, parameterically adjusted, and submitted to engineering review with complete material documentation.

    PARAMETER-BASED ENGINEERING DESIGN

    Our company system is engineered by parameter selection, not by default.

    EPS Core Selection:

    • Type I: 1.0 lb/ft³, compressive resistance approximately 10 psi per ASTM C578.
    • Type II: 2.0 lb/ft³, compressive resistance approximately 25 psi.

    Selection is based on service load requirements, exposure conditions, and substrate configuration.

    POLYUREA SPECIFICATION

    Polyurea coating thickness is specified in the range of 30–60 mils based on:

    Impact exposure

    • Moisture risk classification.
    • Durability requirements for the specific installation.
    • Anchorage Engineering.

    Anchorage Engineering

    Anchorage design is produced by the engineer of record, with fastener type, spacing, and embedment depth calculated for wind pressures of 120–180 PSF per the Florida Building Code, accounting for: CMU, Wood framing, Structural steel, Cast concrete, Element geometry, and Digital Accuracy.

    CAD/CNC digital workflow ensures that fabricated geometry matches the engineered drawings to ±3 mm tolerance across every unit in the production run.

    COMPLETE DOCUMENTATION PACKAGE

    Our company technical documentation package includes:

    • Shop drawings with all anchorage details and section cuts.
    • Complete material specification with ASTM standard references for every component.
    • Engineering calculations stamped by a Florida-licensed professional engineer when required.
    • Installation guidelines coordinated with AHJ submittal requirements.

    CLIENT AND APPROVAL BENEFITS

    This package allows a structural engineer of record to defend the installation to any reviewing authority, and allows the owner to verify that the installed system performs to its calculated wind resistance rating specification.

    Clients do not receive a product — they receive a fully engineered system with documented design basis, traceable material properties, and professional engineering accountability at every level of the specification.

    Request a free quote
    EPS/Polyurea as a Fully Designable Technical System
    Aesthetics
    FactorDescriptionValueUnitStandard/CodeImpactApplicationNotes
    EPS DensityCore density affects dent resistance1.0 / 2.0b/ft³ASTM C578Higher density improves robustnessAll elements2.0 better where abuse is higher
    Polyurea ThicknessPrimary hard coat thickness30–60milManufacturer specMajor durability driverExterior elementsRoyal Foam Working Range
    Water AbsorptionEPS water absorptionLowqualitativeASTM C272Helps in humid environmentsExterior/interiorSystem still needs sealed finish
    Moisture ResistanceCoated system resists rain splashHighratingFinish systemFlorida suitabilityExterior elementsSeams must be sealed
    UV ExposureFinish must resist sun degradationRequires topcoatsystemPaint specAffects color lifeExterior in FloridaPolyurea should be topcoated
    Impact ResistanceCoating helps resist minor impactMedium to highratingCoating specImportant at pedestrian levelRetail/commercialNot equivalent to solid concrete
    Crack ControlJoint detailing reduces cracking riskProject-specificdetailInstallation best practicePreserves appearanceSegmented buildsMovement joints may be needed
    Abrasion ResistanceHard shell resists scuffingHighratingCoating specUseful in touch-prone areasEntry elementsDepends on finish quality
    Biological ResistanceEPS does not rot like woodHighratingMaterial propertyLowers maintenanceExterior/interiorStill protect finish required
    Corrosion ResistanceFoam shell will not rustHighratingMaterial propertyAdvantage over unprotected steel skinsHumid/coastal areasAnchors may still require protection
    Maintenance CycleRepaint/reseal as needed5–10 typicalyearsPaint maintenanceExtends service lifeExterior projectsClimate + color affect cycle
    Service LifeExpected full-system life15–25+yearsIndustry practiceSupports lifecycle valueAll elementsAssumes proper installation

     

    Aesthetics as an Economic Variable

    Architectural aesthetics function as a measurable economic variable. Studies of the U.S. commercial and residential real estate market consistently demonstrate that high-quality facade detailing:

    • Increases perceived property value by 5–15%.
    • Reduces time-on-market for sale or lease transactions.

    For developers and property owners, the selection of architectural products that deliver premium visual quality is not a design preference — it is a elements allocation decision with a calculable return.

    Our company products are specified for this reason by architects, developers, and restoration professionals who understand that facade quality is directly priced by the market.

    PRECISION ARCHITECTURAL REPRODUCTION

    Our company architectural products reproduce classical and contemporary architectural language at a level of precision that competing systems cannot achieve in production.

    Geometry Quality

    Capital and base projection geometry — the shadow-casting elements that establish architectural order and visual hierarchy — is milled to profile depths of 25–150 mm with edge sharpness and symmetry that extrusion, laminating, or handwork cannot consistently replicate at scale.

    Surface Quality

    The surface is delivered:

    • Smooth.
    • Pore-free.
    • Free of process artifacts.
    • No exposed glass fiber.
    • No resin streaking.
    • No tool marks.
    • No grain telegraphing through the finish.

    This surface quality is essential for:

    • High-specular architectural paint systems.
    • Professional photography of the completed building.
    • Architectural uplighting.

    All of which depend on a defect-free substrate to perform as designed.

    Proportion and Design Consistency

    Proportion control — the ratio of elements projection that defines architectural order — is maintained by digital model and CNC production, not by skilled tradesperson judgment.

    This means that every unit in a project, regardless of production sequence or crew, matches the architect’s specified proportions exactly.

    Surface and Color Flexibility

    Surface texture options extend from smooth through faux stone to fully custom tactile profiles, allowing the facade system to match the material language of the broader architectural composition.

    Color specification is unlimited — any RAL, Munsell, or custom mixed topcoat can be applied to the polyurea shell, providing exact palette coordination with adjacent facade materials.

    Final Market Benefit

    Clients receive a finished architectural product that:

    • Strengthens the developer’s brand identity.
    • Supports premium pricing.
    • Supports higher occupancy rates for the completed asset.

    Delivers long-term visual impact that does not degrade with age under normal service and maintenance conditions.

    Request a free quote
    1. Summary

    CSI Master Format Section 06 60 00 — Plastic Fabrications / Architectural Foam Systems

    Unless specifically engineered and documented by a licensed structural engineer, decorative products specified in this section are non-structural architectural elements and shall not be considered primary load-bearing components.

    This section specifies requirements for custom fabricated architectural foam systems manufactured by our company, Jacksonville, Florida.

    1.1 Applications

    Products are designed for:

    • Commercial construction
    • Institutional construction
    • Hospitality construction
    • Retail construction
    • Residential construction
    1.2 System Composition

    All systems consist of:

    • Engineered foam cores — Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), Polyurethane (PU/PIR), or hybrid composite configurations
    • High-performance polyurea elastomer protective coatings
    • Exterior architectural finish systems
    Systems included in this section:
    ComponentDescriptionValueUnit
    EPS CorePrimary shaped body1.0 / 2.0lb/ft³
    Adhesive LayerLaminates foam sectionsConstruction-gradesystem
    Polyurea ShellPrimary hard protective coat30–60mil
    Base PrimerPromotes coating bond1 coatlayer
    Finish CoatPaint or decorative finish2 coatslayer
    ProductsTop architectural elementCustomdimension
    ProductsMain cylindrical/tapered bodyCustomdimension
    2 Basis Of Design

    Design of all architectural foam systems specified herein is based on products manufactured and engineered by our company, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

    Our company operates as:

    • An engineering-driven manufacturing platform
    • Over 25 years of experience
    • 10,000+ completed projects

    In-house capability for:

    • Structural design
    • CNC fabrication
    • Polyurea coating
    • Full project lifecycle support
    CategoryDetails
    ManufacturerDecorative Architectural Shapes
    Headquarters 4225 James E Casey Dr, Unit #5
    Westside Industrial Park,
    Jacksonville, FL 32219
    Engineering Experience25+ years / 10,000+ projects
    Production CapabilityCNC hot-wire EPS cutting, precision 3D routing, high-pressure polyurea spray systems
    Market ServedCommercial, institutional, hospitality, retail, residential — nationwide B2B
    Delivery CapabilityNationwide; typical lead time 7–14 business days
    Quality Assurance
    Icon 51Lightweight

    Up to 90% lighter than stone or precast concrete

    Icon 52Impact Resistance

    Mechanical impact · surface abrasion · installation damage

    Icon 14Weather Resistance

    Moisture · freeze-thaw · UV
    degradation · thermal

    Icon 53Long-term Durability

    Structural integrity under exterior
    commercial conditions

    Icon 12Coastal Compatible

    High humidity · salt exposure · elevated UV radiation

    3 Related Sections — Coordination
    • 03 30 00 Cast-in-Place Concrete — substrate and support structures
    • 05 12 00 Structural Steel Framing — internal armatures for large-scale elements
    • 06 10 00 Rough Carpentry — wood nailers, blocking, backing substrates
    • 07 21 00 Thermal Insulation — coordinate where foam serves dual thermal/ architectural function
    • 07 24 00 Exterior Insulation & Finish Systems (EIFS) — coordinate with façade panel systems
    • 07 92 00 Joint Sealants — perimeter and joint sealing at architectural foam elements
    • 09 24 00 Portland Cement Stucco — alternate finish coat over polyurea base
    • 09 90 00 Painting and Coating Systems — finish coat color matching
    • 10 14 00 Signage — coordinate with monument sign and 3D branding elements
    • 12 36 00 Countertops — coordinate where custom foam elements integrate with millwork
    4 References & Applicable Standards
    • ASTM C578 Standard Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal Insulation — Types I through XV
    • ASTM D6817 Standard Specification for Rigid Cellular Polystyrene Geofoam
    • ASTM C591 Standard Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation
    • ASTM C1029 Standard Specification for Spray-Applied Rigid Cellular Polyurethane Thermal Insulation
    • ASTM D1621 Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics
    • ASTM D1623 Standard Test Method for Tensile and Tensile Adhesion Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics
    • ASTM C273 Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
    • ASTM D412 Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers — Tension
    • ASTM D2240 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property — Durometer Hardness
    • ASTM D4541 Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings
    • ASTM D4065 Standard Practice for Plastics — Classification — Application of Polyurea Coating Systems
    • ASTM E84 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials (Tunnel Test)
    • ASTM E90 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation of Building Partitions
    • ASTM C423 Standard Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients
    • ASTM G154 Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
    • ASTM C518 Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
    • ASCE 7-22 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures
    • IBC 2021 International Building Code — Section 2603: Foam Plastic Insulation
    • IFC 2021 International Fire Code
    • ICC-ES AC71 Acceptance Criteria for Foam Plastic Insulation in Continuous Insulation Applications
    • NFPA 101 Life Safety Code
    • FM 4474 Approval Standard for Evaluating the Simulated Wind Uplift Resistance of Roof Assemblies
    • CSI Master Format 2016 Edition — Division 06 Wood, Plastics, and Composites

    5 Performance Requirements — All Systems

    Structural Performance

    All architectural foam systems shall be designed and fabricated to withstand applicable structural loads including:

    • Self-weight
    • Installation loads
    • Wind-induced pressures
    • Impact loads appropriate to the application and occupancy

    Systems required to resist wind loads shall comply with ASCE 7-22 for the design wind speed and exposure category of the project site.
    Structural calculations shall be prepared by a licensed Professional Engineer where required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).

    Wind Load Resistance

    Exterior architectural elements shall be designed for component and cladding (C&C) wind pressures per ASCE 7-22 Chapter 30.
    Attachment systems, fastener schedules, and foam core shear/compressive strength shall be verified against design wind pressures with a minimum safety factor of 3.0 per ICC-ES AC71.

    FM-rated assemblies shall be provided where required by insurer or AHJ.

    Refer to Part 4 — Wind Load Reference Data.

    Thermal Performance

    Where foam elements serve a thermal insulation function, R-values shall comply with the energy code requirements of the applicable jurisdiction.

    • EPS Type II (1.35 pcf) provides R-4.17 per inch
    • EPS Type IX (1.80 pcf) provides R-4.35 per inch
    • PU closed-cell systems provide R-6.0 to R-6.5 per inch per ASTM C518 at 75°F

    Thermal Performance

    Polyurea protective coating system shall provide a continuous waterproof membrane over all exposed foam surfaces.
    Coating system shall resist:

    • Moisture penetration
    • Freeze-thaw cycling
    • UV degradation

    Water vapor permeance of coating system shall be compatible with wall assembly vapor control requirements.

    Coastal and high-humidity installations shall specify enhanced UV-stable exterior finish coatings.

    Acoustic Performance

    Where acoustic separation or sound control is required, foam systems shall be specified in conjunction with appropriate wall/floor/ceiling assemblies.

    • Open-cell polyurethane spray foam provides NRC 0.70–0.95 at 2″–4″ thickness
    • For assemblies required to achieve STC 50 per IBC Section 1207, foam fill shall be used in conjunction with appropriate framing, gypsum wallboard, and resilient channel systems
      Refer to Part 4 — Acoustic Performance Data.

    Dimensional Stability

    Foam core materials shall maintain dimensional stability under the full range of service temperatures anticipated at the project location.

    • EPS materials shall comply with ASTM C578 requirements for dimensional stability
    • Polyurea coating system shall accommodate thermal expansion and contraction without cracking, delamination, or loss of adhesion over the service life of the installation

    Impact & Abrasion Resistance

    Polyurea coating system shall provide:

    • Shore D hardness ≥ 55 per ASTM D2240
    • Tensile strength of coating ≥ 2,500 psi per ASTM D412
    • Elongation at break ≥ 200% per ASTM D412
    • Adhesion to EPS substrate ≥ 250 psi pull-off strength per ASTM D4541

    UV Stability

    Exterior finish coating systems shall be UV-stable and shall not exhibit:

    • Significant color shift
    • Chalking
    • Loss of gloss under accelerated UV weathering per ASTM G154.

    All foam materials shall be protected from direct UV exposure within 30 days of installation by application of appropriate finish coatings or cladding systems.

    Weight Efficiency

    Architectural foam systems shall provide weight reduction of up to 90 percent compared to equivalent stone, precast concrete, or cast stone elements, thereby reducing structural dead loads and facilitating accelerated installation.

     

    6 Submittals

    Product Data

    Manufacturer technical documentation including material composition, density range, fabrication process description, coating system data sheets, and installation guidelines.

    Include ASTM test reports for EPS (C578), polyurea coating (D412, D2240, D4541, E84), and thermal performance (C518) as applicable.

    Shop Drawings

    Project-specific shop drawings for each custom element.

    Include plan, elevation, and section views with all dimensions; connection and attachment details; internal armature or mounting hardware; joint locations and configurations; and installation sequence.

    Engineering Calculations

    Where required by project specifications or AHJ: structural calculations by licensed PE verifying foam core adequacy, attachment capacity, and wind load resistance.

    Include design wind speed, exposure category, and C&C pressure calculations per ASCE 7-22.

    Astm E84 Test Reports

    Current ASTM E84 flame spread and smoke developed test reports for foam and coating system as installed, at the thickness and density specified.

    Samples

    Finish coating samples on minimum 6″ x 6″ EPS substrate, illustrating texture, color, and sheen level. Provide color range samples where multiple finish options are offered.

    Warranty Documentation

    Executed warranty document per Section 1.10 prior to Substantial Completion.

    7 Quality Assurance

    Manufacturer shall be a firm with not less than 10 years of continuous experience fabricating custom architectural foam elements for commercial construction projects. Manufacturer shall demonstrate the following in-house capabilities:

    • CNC hot-wire EPS cutting systems capable of producing complex three-dimensional profiles.
    • Precision multi-axis CNC routing and profiling equipment.
    • High-pressure plural-component polyurea spray coating systems.
    • In-house structural design and CAD/3D modeling capability.
    • Direct collaboration capability with project architects, engineers, and contractors.
    • Quality management system with documented inspection procedures at each production stage.
    • Capability to provide design modifications during production without schedule impact.
    • Pre-assembled delivery systems reducing field installation cost and time.

    8 Delivery, Storage & Handling

    • Deliver products in manufacturer’s packaging with identification labels intact. Inspect upon delivery and document any damage before accepting shipment.
    • Store foam elements in a dry, sheltered location protected from precipitation, direct sunlight, and temperatures below -20°F or above 140°F. Store flat on clean, level supports. Do not stack elements in a manner that causes deformation or surface damage.
    • Free product storage at our manufacturing facility is available for clients not yet ready for installation — contact us for terms.
    • Handle elements with clean gloves or padding to prevent surface damage to finish coatings. Do not drag elements on abrasive surfaces.
    9 Warranty

    Decorative Architectural Shapes warrants that products furnished under this section shall be free from defects in:

    • materials
    • fabrication

    for a period of:

    • 5 years from the date of Substantial Completion for standard systems
    • 10 years for enhanced coating systems

    against delamination of polyurea coating from EPS substrate under normal service conditions.

    Warranty Excludes Damage From:

    • improper installation
    • vandalism
    • impact beyond design parameters
    • chemical exposure not specified
    • UV degradation where finish coating is not maintained per manufacturer recommendations.
    General Disclaimer — Limitation Of Liability

    The preparers of this document make no representations or warranties, express or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness, currentness, or suitability of any information contained herein for any particular application.

    Building codes, material requirements, allowable loads, fire safety classifications, acoustic performance standards, and wind load provisions vary significantly by:

    • state,
    • county,
    • municipality,
    • and local jurisdiction,
      and are subject to change with adoption of new code editions or local amendments.

    This document does not constitute:

    • an engineering report,
    • professional design document,
    • certified test report,
    • code compliance determination,
    • or legally binding specification of any kind.

    The preparers, authors, and distributors of this document expressly disclaim any and all liability for any loss, damage, claim, or expense — direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential — arising from the use of or reliance on any information contained herein.

    Eps Core Material — Properties By Astm Type & Density

    EPS core material shall comply with ASTM C578. Select density type based on design loads, coating system, and project performance requirements.

    ASTM TypeNom. Density (lb/ft³)Compressive Str. 10% (psi)Flexural Str. (psi)Shear Str. (psi)R-value/ inchTypical Application
    Type I
    (EPS15)
    0.90–1.1410–1425–3018–223.85General decorative elements, signage cores, interior applications
    Type VIII
    (EPS19)
    1.15–1.3413–1830–3823–253.92Moderate-load decorative elements, exterior columns ≤30 ft
    Type II
    (EPS22)
    1.35–1.7915–2140–5026–324.17Standard exterior architectural elements, SIP cores, façade panels
    Type IX
    (EPS29)
    1.80–2.2025–3350–7533–374.35High-load columns, roofing elements, wind zone 3+ applications
    Type XIV
    (EPS39)
    2.40–2.8035–5060–9040–484.50Heavy structural panels, bridge deck formwork, extreme wind zones
    Type XV
    (EPS46)
    2.80–3.5050–7575–11048–604.60Maximum structural demand; SIP cores for hurricane-rated assemblies
    Polyurethane / Pir Core Material — Properties By Type
    Type / StandardDensity (lb/ft³)Cell TypeCompressive Str. 10% (psi)R-value/ inchPrimary Use
    PU Open-cell SPF (ASTM C1029 Type I)0.4–0.6Open0.1–0.53.7Cavity fill, air sealing, acoustic absorption (NRC 0.70–0.95)
    PU Closed-cell SPF (ASTM C1029 Type II)1.5–2.0Closed20–356.2Continuous insulation, air/vapor barrier, structural cavity fill
    Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type II)2.5Closed356.1High-R ci panels, roof insulation, structural panels
    Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type III)3.0Closed456.3High-load ci, commercial roofing, hurricane-zone applications
    HD Rigid PU (ASTM C591 Type VI)6.0Closed1255.8Industrial, cold storage, maximum structural demand
    Protective Polyurea Coating System

    Polyurea protective coating shall be a 100% solids, two-component, aromatic or aliphatic polyurea elastomer system applied by high-pressure, heated plural-component spray quipment. Coating shall be applied to all exposed EPS or PU foam surfaces prior to application of architectural finish coats..

    PropertyTest MethodRequirementUnit
    Coating Thickness — StandardDFT gauge20–40mil
    Coating Thickness — Heavy-dutyDFT gauge60–120mil
    Tensile Strength (min.)ASTM D412≥ 2,500psi
    Elongation at Break (min.)ASTM D412≥ 200%
    Shore D HardnessASTM D224055–75—
    Adhesion to EPS — Pull-off (min.)ASTM D4541≥ 250psi
    Flame Spread Index (max.)ASTM E84≤ 25—
    Smoke Developed Index (max.)ASTM E84≤ 450—
    UV Weathering ResistanceASTM G154Pass — 1,000 hr min—
    Water Absorption (max.)ASTM D570≤ 1% by weight
    Service Temperature Range—-40 to +200°F
    Gel Time (fast system)—3–7seconds
    Tack-Free Time—< 30seconds
    Product Category Specifications

    Architectural Columns

    • Types: Round, Square, Tapered (entasis), Classical Orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, Composite)
    • Diameter range: 4 inches to 60 inches; custom sizes available
    • Height: up to 40 feet in sectional assembly; single-piece up to 14 feet
    • Core: EPS Type II minimum (Type IX recommended for exterior/coastal); PU/PIR available on request

    • Sections: single-piece or sectional with concealed staggered slip-joint connections

    • Bases and capitals: integrated or separate; classical profiles per architect’s drawings

    • Internal reinforcement: steel pipe armature available for structural continuity where required by PE

    • Finish: polyurea base coat + exterior architectural topcoat; smooth, textured, or custom profiles

    • Applications: porticos, colonnades, entryways, façade features, resort/hospitality, monument structures

    Decorative Beams, Brackets & Corbels

    • Types: exposed ceiling beams, faux timber posts, wall brackets, structural-look corbels, rafter tails

    • Profiles: rectangular, tapered, hand-hewn texture, smooth architectural, custom cross-sections

    • Dimensions: custom per drawings; typical spans up to 20 feet in single piece

    • Core: EPS Type II or Type IX depending on exposed span and load requirements

    • Surface: textured polyurea replicating wood grain, stone, or custom architectural finish

    • Hollow or solid construction; hollow beams suitable for concealed electrical/mechanical routing

    • Mounting: internal blocking nailers or through-bolt attachment systems per structural requirements

    Facade Panels & Cladding Systems

    • Types: flat insulated panels, profiled architectural panels, lap siding profiles, wainscot systems

    • Core: EPS Type II or Type IX; PU/PIR closed-cell for high-R applications

    • Panel size: custom to project; standard modules available; maximum CNC billet size 36″x48″x192″

    • Thermal performance: R-8 to R-30+ depending on core type and thickness

    • Surface: textured polyurea + exterior architectural finish; faux stone, brick, wood, or smooth

    • Attachment: mechanical fastener systems per ICC-ES AC71; adhesive-mechanical hybrid available

    • Wind load compliance: design per ASCE 7-22 with engineering calculations provided by Royal Foam

    Cornices, Moldings, Trim & Surrounds

    • Types: crown molding, bed molding, band molding, window surrounds, door surrounds, keystones

    • Profile library: classical profiles plus full custom CNC-profiled geometry per architect’s drawings

    • Core: EPS Type I minimum; Type II recommended for exterior applications

    • Typical thickness range: 1 inch to 12 inches projection; lengths to 20 feet

    • Joints: mitered, scarfed, or overlapping; sealed with compatible flexible sealant

    • Finish: smooth painted, textured stucco-look, stone-replicated, or custom architectural coatings

    • Compatibility with EIFS, stucco, painted wood, and standard exterior finish systems

    Monument Signs & 3D Branding Structures

    • Types: freestanding monument signs, dimensional lettering, 3D logo structures, entry pylons

    • Core: EPS or PU/PIR depending on structural requirements and exposure conditions

    • Dimensional lettering: any font, any size; maximum practical height 8 feet per letter

    • Sign cabinet depth: custom from 2 inches to 36 inches relief

    • Surface: polyurea base + paint/coating for weather resistance; illumination cutouts available

    • Internal steel armature and base plate anchor systems per structural engineer’s drawings

    • Applications: retail, hospitality, real estate, institutional, municipal entry features

    Faux Material Systems

    • Faux Wood: EPS or PU core with hand-textured polyurea replicating cedar, oak, pine, weathered timber

    • Faux Stone: irregular profiles replicating limestone, fieldstone, sandstone, cut stone

    • Faux Brick: modular panel or individual unit profiles; mortar joint detail available

    • Faux Concrete: board-formed, broom-finished, or smooth architectural concrete texture

    • Color: integral pigmented topcoats; multi-tone hand-stained finishes available

    • Performance: fully waterproof; significantly lighter than real material counterparts

    • Applications: interior accent walls, exterior feature walls, retail/hospitality environments

    Custom Sculptural & Artistic Elements

    • Capability: fully custom three-dimensional forms from digital files (STL, OBJ, DXF)

    • Typical projects: themed environments, retail experiential installations, large-scale sculptures

    • Core: EPS Type II or higher; PU/PIR for complex thin-wall geometries

    • Maximum single-piece dimensions: 36″ x 48″ x 192″ (billet); larger elements sectional assembly

    • Digital-to-physical workflow: client supplies 3D model; Royal Foam engineers toolpath and produces

    • Finish: polyurea + custom coating matching any architectural or brand color specification

    Structural Insulated Panel (Sip) Cores

    • Core materials: EPS Type II, Type IX, or PU/PIR closed-cell per structural requirements

    • Core thickness: 3.5 to 12.25 inches standard; custom thicknesses available

    • Core R-values: EPS R-14 to R-50+; PU/PIR R-21 to R-80+ depending on thickness and type

    • Facings: OSB, plywood, steel, aluminum, fiber cement, or custom facings bonded by others

    • Dimensional tolerance: ±1/8″ per 10 feet per ASTM C578 dimensional stability requirements

    • Applications: wall panels, roof panels, floor panels, cold storage construction

    • Engineering: structural calculations for SIP assemblies available from Royal Foam engineering

    1 Examination

    • Verify that supporting structures, substrates, and mounting surfaces are plumb, level, and aligned within tolerances required for product installation.
    • Confirm that substrates are structurally adequate to receive design attachment loads including dead load of foam elements and design wind pressures.
    • Verify that rough openings, blocking, nailers, and embedded anchors are properly positioned per approved shop drawings before beginning installation.
    • Do not proceed with installation until unsatisfactory conditions are corrected. Report discrepancies to Architect before proceeding.

    2 Preparation

    • Clean all mounting surfaces of dust, oil, form release, and debris that could impair adhesive bond or fastener engagement.
    • Install any required blocking, shims, or leveling plates. Protect adjacent finish surfaces from adhesive, sealant, and coating overspray.
    • Prime surfaces where required by adhesive or coating manufacturer.

    3 Installation — General

    • Install all elements per manufacturer’s written installation instructions and approved shop drawings.
    • Maintain plumb and level tolerances of ±1/8″ per 10 feet of height.
    • Assemble sectional elements using manufacturer -recommended adhesives and concealed mechanical fasteners. Stagger joints a minimum of 12 inches from adjacent section joints.
    • Install internal armatures and mounting hardware before applying outer elements. Conceal all structural hardware within finished elements.
    • Apply compatible flexible sealant at all joints between architectural foam elements and adjacent construction. Tool joints to produce smooth, consistent bead.
    • Apply touch-up finish coatings to match factory -applied coatings at field cuts, joints, and any areas of installation damage. Match color, texture, and sheen.
    • Do not install foam elements within 3 inches of heat-emitting devices, chimneys, or unprotected luminaires without thermal protection per IBC 2603

    4 Installation — Columns Specific

    • Set column base on pre-leveled bearing surface. Align base to column centerline marked on substrate. Secure base with anchor bolts or adhesive per shop drawings.
    • Install column shaft sections from base upward. Check plumb in two directions at each section. Apply adhesive at mating surfaces before joining.
    • Install capital with adhesive and concealed fasteners. Align capital to column axis.
    • At sectional assemblies exceeding 16 feet height, verify that internal armature continuity is maintained through all sections before applying outer foam elements.

    5 Field Quality Control

    • Inspect installed elements for plumb, level, and alignment per tolerances specified.
    • Verify coating continuity at all joints, penetrations, and field-cut surfaces.
    • Confirm sealant joints are fully tooled with no voids or gaps.
    • Document any deviations from approved shop drawings and obtain Architect acceptance before Substantial Completion.

    6 Cleaning & Protection

    • Remove construction debris, adhesive residue, and coating overspray from installed elements.
    • Use only mild detergent and water for final cleaning. Do not use abrasive cleaners, solvents, or high-pressure washers that may damage protective coatings.
    • Protect installed elements from construction traffic and subsequent trades until project Substantial Completion using temporary padding or protective coverings.

    EPS Geofoam · R-Values · Polyurea Performance · Wind Load · Fire Safety · Acoustic

    1 Eps Geofoam Data — Astm D6817 Properties

    EPS Geofoam per ASTM D6817 — applicable for geotechnical, below-grade, and structural fill applications. Also reference basis for high-density EPS specified in structural architectural applications.

    PropertyUnitsEPS14 Type IXEPS16 Type IEPS19 Type VIIIEPS22 Type IIEPS39 Type XIVEPS39 Type XIVEPS46 Type XV
    Min. Densitylb/ft³0.700.901.151.351.802.402.85
    Min. Densitykg/m³11141822293845
    Comp. Res. @10% def.psi5.610.216.019.629.040.050.0
    Comp. Res. @1% def.psi0.40.71.11.42.73.54.3
    Comp. Res. @5% def.psi2.23.05.67.310.915.018.8
    Flexural Moduluspsi220400540730101015001900
    Flexural Str. (min.)psi1025.030.030.050.060.075.0
    Water Absorption (max.)vol%4.04.03.03.02.52.02.0
    Oxygen Index (min.)%24.024.024.024.024.024.024.0
    Buoyancy Forcelb/ft³61.761.561.361.160.060.059.5

    2 Eps & Pu Foam R-Values By Type & Thickness (Astm C518 75°F)

    Thickness (in)EPS Type I 0.9 pcfEPS Type II 1.35 pcfEPS Type IX 1.80 pcfPU Open-cell 0.5 lbPU Closed-cell 2.0 lbPU Rigid PIR 3.0 lb
    1″3.94.24.33.76.26.3
    1-1/2″5.86.36.55.59.39.4
    2″7.78.38.77.412.412.6
    3″11.612.513.011.118.618.9
    4″15.416.717.414.824.825.2
    5″19.220.921.818.531.031.5
    6″23.125.026.122.237.237.8
    8″30.833.434.829.649.650.4

    3 Fire Safety Data Summary — Astm E84 / Ibc 2603

    ASTM TypeDensity (lb/ft³)Compressive Str. (psi)Allow. Roof Uplift (psf)Max Wind Speed Exp C (mph)IBC Reference
    EPS Type I0.9010–1418–2390–1001-30 to 1-45
    EPS Type II1.3515–2127–35110–1201-60 to 1-75
    EPS Type IX1.8025–3333–45120–1351-75 to 1-90
    PU CC SPF 2.02.020–3538–47125–1351-60 to 1-75
    PU Rigid 3.03.04553–60140–1551-90 to 1-120
    PU HD 6.06.012580–88165–1751-120 to 1-150+

    Values based on ICC-ES AC71 methodology, SF = 3.0. Actual design pressures are site-specific and must be calculated by licensed PE using ASCE 7-22 for project location, risk category, and exposure.

    4 Wind Load Quick Reference — Asce 7-22 / Icc-Es Ac71

    ASTM TypeDensity (lb/ft³)Compressive Str. (psi)Allow. Roof Uplift (psf)Max Wind Speed Exp C (mph)IBC Reference
    EPS Type I0.9010–1418–2390–1001-30 to 1-45
    EPS Type II1.3515–2127–35110–1201-60 to 1-75
    EPS Type IX1.8025–3333–45120–1351-75 to 1-90
    PU CC SPF 2.02.020–3538–47125–1351-60 to 1-75
    PU Rigid 3.03.04553–60140–1551-90 to 1-120
    PU HD 6.06.012580–88165–1751-120 to 1-150+

    Values based on ICC-ES AC71 methodology, SF = 3.0. Actual design pressures are site-specific and must be calculated by licensed PE using ASCE 7-22 for project location, risk category, and exposure.

    Decorative Architectural Shapes Engineering Services · Code Compliance · Submittal Support

    1 Decorative Architectural Shapes Engineering Services

    Cad / 3D Modeling

    Full 3D modeling and shop drawing production from architect’s design intent. DXF, DWG, STL, OBJ, and Revit file formats supported.

    Wind Load Analysis

    Site-specific ASCE 7-22 wind pressure calculations, exposure category determination, and component- and-cladding (C&C;) pressure tables for all project zones.

    Installation Optimization

    Pre-engineered installation sequences, assembly procedures, and logistics planning to minimize field labor and eliminate installation errors.

    Value Engineering

    Systematic review of project design to identify cost reduction opportunities through material ptimization, simplified geometry, or production sequencing without compromising architectural intent or performance.

    Structural Design & Load Analysis

    In-house structural analysis of foam element dead loads, attachment systems, and wind pressure capacity. PE-stamped calculations available for Risk Category III/IV projects or wind speeds exceeding 130 mph.

    Custom Mounting System Design

    Engineering of internal armatures, base onnections, through-bolt systems, and concealed attachment hardware optimized for each project’s structural conditions.

    Submittal & Permitting Support

    Preparation of AHJ submittals, product data packages, ASTM test reports, ICC-ES evaluation report references, and permit-ready documentation packages.

    2 Code Compliance Matrix

    Code / StandardSectionRequirementDecorative Architectural Shapes Compliance Method
    IBC 2021§2603.3FSI ≤ 25 or ≤ 75 per occupancyASTM E84 test reports provided for all foam/coating systems
    IBC 2021§2603.4Thermal barrier on interior facesProduct data specifies TB requirement; field verification checklist provided
    IBC 2021§2603.5NFPA 285 for exterior walls >1 storyFM-listed assemblies available; NFPA 285 test report references on request
    ASCE 7-22§26–30Design wind pressures — C&CSite-specific ASCE 7-22 calculations by PE on request
    ICC-ES AC71§4–5Fastener schedule & foam strengthAC71-compliant fastener tables; PE calculations confirming SF ≥ 3.0
    ASTM C578Table 1EPS density & mechanical propertiesMaterial certifications provided; lot testing on request
    IBC 2021§1207STC 50 between dwelling unitsAssembly data provided; spray foam + framing + GWB assemblies documented
    ENERGY CODEper stateMinimum R-value ciR-value tables and energy code compliance data provided per project state
    CSI MasterFormat06 60 00Plastic Fabrications specificationThis document prepared in full CSI 3-Part Format compliance

    3 Why Decorative Architectural Shapes — Engineering Differentiators

    CapabilityDecorative Architectural ShapesTypical Competitor
    Engineering in-houseYES — PE, structural, CAD, 3DNO — outsourced or none
    Design changes during productionYES — real-time adaptationNO — new order required
    Lead time7–14 business days typical4–8 weeks typical
    Custom geometry capabilityUnlimited — CNC from any 3D fileLimited standard profiles
    Pre-assembled deliveryYES — reduces site laborNO — field assembly required
    Wind load calculationsYES — site-specific ASCE 7-22NO — generic data only
    ASTM E84 documentationYES — current test reports providedSometimes — may require extra cost
    Coastal/hurricane zone experienceYES — FL-based, 25+ yearsLimited
    Free warehouse storageYES — hold until client readyNO
    Nationwide deliveryYES — all 50 statesRegional only
    TCO reduction vs stone/concrete30–50% documented savingsNot quantified

    Definitions & Applicable Standards

    MetricFull NameStandardWhat It MeasuresTypical Range (Insulation)
    STCSound Transmission ClassASTM E413 / E90Airborne sound isolation between rooms (speech, music, TV). Higher = better isolation.25–65 (assemblies)
    IICImpact Insulation ClassASTM E413 / E492Structure-borne impact noise (footsteps, dropped objects). Higher = better isolation.25–70 (assemblies)
    NRCNoise Reduction CoefficientASTM C423 / ISO 354Average sound absorption across 250–2000 Hz (four-bandaverage). 0 = fully reflective, 1.0 = fully absorptive.0.05–0.95
    SACSound Absorption CoefficientASTM C423Absorption at each 1/3-octave frequency band. Used for room acoustics design.0.01–1.00 per band
    OITCOutdoor-Indoor Transmission ClassASTM E1332Similar to STC but weighted for low-frequency exterior noise (traffic, aircraft).20–55 (assemblies)
    Delta IICImpact Isolation ImprovementISO 140-8Improvement in IIC provided by floor underlayment over bare concrete or wood sub-floor.+3 to +30 dB

    Code Minimum Acoustic Requirements

    Code / StandardSectionRequirementApplies To
    IBC 2021Section 1207STC ≥ 50 (field-tested FIIC/FSTC) between dwelling unitsMulti-family residential, hotels, motels, dormitories
    IRC 2021Section R302.13STC ≥ 45 (lab) / FSTC ≥ 45 (field) for walls/floors between unitsTwo-family dwellings, townhouses
    IRC 2021Section R302.13IIC ≥ 50 (lab) / FIIC ≥ 45 (field) for floor/ceiling assembliesTwo-family dwellings, townhouses
    FHA / HUDNoise GuidebookInterior DNL ≤ 45 dB; STC ≥ 25 for units near highways/airportsFederally-assisted housing
    OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95—Max 85 dBA 8-hr TWA; engineering controls required before PPEOccupational / industrial noise
    ASHRAE 2019 HVAC AppsChapter 49NC 25–35 (bedrooms), NC 30–40 (offices), NC 40–50 (open offices)HVAC system background noise — foam used as duct liner
    IEC 61672 / ISO 1996—Environmental noise measurement — foam used in measurement roomsAcoustic testing facilities

    Section 1 — Expanded Polystyrene (Eps) Acoustic Performance | Astm C578

    EPS is primarily a thermal insulation material. Its acoustic performance varies significantly by density and thickness. EPS is NOT a high-performance acoustic material in isolation — it must be used in composite assemblies to meet IBC STC/IIC minimums. EPS provides moderate sound absorption (NRC 0.10–0.35) and limited transmission loss.

    Table 1a — Eps Sound Absorption Coefficient (Sac) By Density & Thickness (Astm C423 / Iso 354)

    ASTM TypeDensity (lb/ft³)Thickness125 Hz250 Hz500 Hz1000 Hz2000 Hz4000 HzNRC (avg)Performance
    Type I0.90–1.141″0.020.030.050.060.070.070.05Poor
    Type I0.90–1.142″0.030.050.080.100.110.090.09Poor
    Type I0.90–1.143″0.050.070.100.130.130.100.11Poor
    Type I0.90–1.144″0.060.090.120.150.140.110.13Poor
    Type VIII1.15–1.341″0.020.040.060.070.080.080.06Poor
    Type VIII1.15–1.342″0.030.060.090.110.120.100.10Poor
    Type VIII1.15–1.343″0.050.080.110.140.140.110.12Poor
    Type VIII1.15–1.344″0.070.100.140.170.160.120.15Poor–Fair
    Type II1.35–1.791″0.030.040.070.080.090.080.07Poor
    Type II1.35–1.792″0.040.070.100.120.130.110.11Poor
    Type II1.35–1.793″0.060.090.130.160.150.120.13Poor
    Type II1.35–1.794″0.080.110.150.190.170.130.16Poor–Fair
    Type II1.35–1.796″0.100.140.190.230.200.150.19Fair
    Type IX1.80–2.201″0.030.050.080.090.100.090.08Poor
    Type IX1.80–2.202″0.050.080.120.140.140.120.12Poor
    Type IX1.80–2.203″0.070.110.150.180.170.130.15Poor–Fair
    Type IX1.80–2.204″0.090.130.180.220.200.150.18Fair
    Type IX1.80–2.206″0.120.170.230.280.250.180.23Fair

    SAC values are representative averages based on published EPS acoustic literature (ISO 354 / ASTM C423). EPS has low absorption (NRC 0.05–0.23) due to its rigid closed-cell structure. Best absorption occurs at mid-to-high frequencies. For reference: acoustic foam NRC 0.70–0.95; fiberglass batt NRC 0.90–0.95.

    Code Minimum Acoustic Requirements

    ASTM TypeDensity (lb/ft³)EPS ThickTL 500 Hz (dB, board only)TL 1000 Hz (dB, board only)TL 2000 Hz (dB, board only)STC (board only)STC — Wall Assembly (EPS+2×4+5/8″ GWB ea. side)Notes
    Type I0.90–1.141″14182312STC 38–40EPS contributes mass + decoupling
    Type I0.90–1.142″16212614STC 40–42Increased TL vs 1″
    Type I0.90–1.144″19253017STC 42–44Diminishing returns above 2″
    Type VIII1.15–1.341″14192413STC 38–41—
    Type VIII1.15–1.342″17222715STC 40–43—
    Type VIII1.15–1.344″20263118STC 43–45—
    Type II1.35–1.791″15202513STC 39–42—
    Type II1.35–1.792″18232816STC 41–44—
    Type II1.35–1.794″21273319STC 43–46—
    Type II1.35–1.796″23303621STC 44–47Best single-material EPS
    Type IX1.80–2.202″19242917STC 42–45—
    Type IX1.80–2.204″22283420STC 44–47—
    Type IX1.80–2.206″25323823STC 45–48Highest EPS density best TL

    TL values for EPS board alone are illustrative — EPS as a standalone panel has very low STC. Assembly STC values include the contribution of structural framing and gypsum wallboard. To achieve IBC 2021 minimum STC 50 between dwelling units, EPS alone is insufficient; use in composite assemblies with resilient channels, double stud walls, or mass-loaded vinyl (MLV). ACOUSTIC


    Section 2 — Polyurethane (Pu/Spf) Foam Acoustic Performance | Astm C591 / C1029

    Polyurethane foam — particularly open-cell SPF — is significantly superior to EPS in acoustic performance. Open-cell PU foam achieves NRC 0.70–0.90, comparable to premium acoustic products. Closed-cell PU foam is denser and less absorptive (NRC 0.15–0.40) but provides better transmission loss. PU foam spray-applied to cavities provides excellent air sealing which further improves assembly STC by +3–5 dB.

    Table 2a — Pu Foam Sound Absorption Coefficient (Sac) By Type, Density & Thickness (Astm C423 / Iso 354)

    PU TypeCell StructureDensity (lb/ft³)Thickness125 Hz250 Hz500 Hz1000 Hz2000 Hz4000 HzNRC (avg)Rating
    Open-cell SPF (Type I, C1029)Open0.51″0.100.250.600.800.820.780.62Good
    Open-cell SPF (Type I, C1029)Open0.52″0.180.450.820.920.900.850.77Very Good
    Open-cell SPF (Type I, C1029)Open0.53″0.280.650.900.950.930.880.86Excellent
    Open-cell SPF (Type I, C1029)Open0.54″0.380.780.930.970.950.900.91Excellent
    Open-cell SPF (Type I, C1029)Open0.56″0.520.880.960.990.970.920.95Excellent
    Closed-cell SPF (Type II, C1029)Closed2.01″0.030.060.120.180.200.180.14Poor
    Closed-cell SPF (Type II, C1029)Closed2.02″0.050.100.180.250.280.240.20Poor–Fair
    Closed-cell SPF (Type II, C1029)Closed2.03″0.070.140.230.320.350.290.26Fair
    Closed-cell SPF (Type II, C1029)Closed2.04″0.090.170.280.380.410.340.31Fair
    Closed-cell SPF (Type II, C1029)Closed2.06″0.120.220.350.460.500.400.38Fair
    Rigid PU/PIR (C591 Type III)Closed3.01″0.020.050.100.150.170.150.12Poor
    Rigid PU/PIR (C591 Type III)Closed3.02″0.040.080.150.220.250.210.18Poor
    Rigid PU/PIR (C591 Type III)Closed3.04″0.070.130.220.300.330.270.25Fair
    Rigid PU/PIR (C591 Type III)Closed3.06″0.100.170.280.370.400.320.31Fair
    High-density PU (C591 Type VI)Closed6.01″0.020.040.080.120.140.120.10Poor
    High-density PU (C591 Type VI)Closed6.02″0.030.060.120.180.200.170.14Poor
    High-density PU (C591 Type VI)Closed6.04″0.050.100.170.250.270.230.20Poor–Fair

    Open-cell SPF NRC values based on published SPFA data, ASTM C423 test reports, and acoustic literature. Closed-cell and rigid PU values derived from manufacturer test data and ISO 354 reference studies. NRC = average of SAC at 250, 500, 1000, 2000 Hz rounded to nearest 0.05.

    Table 2b — Pu Foam Transmission Loss (Tl) & Assembly Stc By Density & Thickness

    PU TypeDensity (lb/ft³)ThicknessTL 500 HzTL 1000 HzTL 2000 HzSTC (material)Delta IIC (floor underlay)STC—Assembly (filled 2×4 + GWB)Notes
    Open-cell SPF0.52″9131810+8 to +12STC 46–49Air sealing adds +3–5 dB
    Open-cell SPF0.53.5″11162112+10 to +15STC 48–52Full 2×4 cavity fill
    Open-cell SPF0.55.5″12182313+12 to +18STC 50–54Full 2×6 cavity; good isolation
    Closed-cell SPF2.01″14202615+3 to +6STC 40–43Higher TL per inch
    Closed-cell SPF2.02″19263218+5 to +8STC 43–47Better mass-law performance
    Closed-cell SPF2.03″23303722+6 to +10STC 46–50Partial wall fill; strong performance
    Closed-cell SPF2.04″26334025+6 to +10STC 48–52Excellent TL for closed-cell
    Rigid PU/PIR3.02″21283420+4 to +7STC 44–48Board-stock installation
    Rigid PU/PIR3.04″27344126+5 to +8STC 48–52Continuous insulation
    High-density PU6.02″25323924+3 to +5STC 46–50High mass = good TL
    High-density PU6.04″30384629+4 to +6STC 50–54Best single-layer TL for PU

    Assembly STC values include 2×4 or 2×6 wood framing + 5/8″ Type X GWB each side (standard party wall). Green cells indicate assemblies meeting or exceeding IBC 2021 Section 1207 minimum STC 50. Delta IIC values apply when PU foam is used as floor underlayment under finish flooring. Air sealing benefit (+3–5 dB) is specific to spray-applied PU foam filling all framing cavities.


    Section 3 — Comparative Summary, Application Guide & Permit Checklist

    Table 3a — Eps Vs. Pu Foam Acoustic Property Comparison

    PropertyTest MethodEPS Type I 0.9 pcfEPS Type IX 2.0 pcfPU Open-cell 0.5 lb/ft³PU Open-cell 2.0 lb/ft³PU Open-cell 3.0 lb/ft³PU HD 6.0 lb/ft³
    NRC 2″ thickASTM C4230.090.120.770.200.180.14
    NRC 4″ thickASTM C4230.130.180.910.310.250.20
    SAC 500 Hz, 2″ASTM C4230.080.120.820.180.150.12
    SAC 1000 Hz, 2″ASTM C4230.100.140.920.250.220.18
    STC — material, 2″ASTM E90141710182025
    STC — assembly, 2″ASTM E9040–4242–4546–4943–4744–4846–50
    Delta IIC 2″ASTM E492+2 to +4+3 to +5+8 to +12+5 to +8+4 to +7+3 to +5
    R-value/inchASTM C5183.854.353.706.206.305.80
    Density (lb/ft³)ASTM D16220.92.00.52.03.06.0
    Meets IBC STC 50 (assembly)IBC 1207NO (alone)NO (alone)YES (3.5″ + cavity)YES (4″+ cavity)YES (4″+ ci)YES (4″+ ci)
    Best acoustic use—Thermal/structural; not acousticThermal/structural; not acousticWall cavity fill; sound absorptionWall/roof ci; transmission lossCi panels; transmission lossIndustrial; high mass TL

    Table 3b — Application Guide: Which Foam For Which Acoustic Goal

    Acoustic GoalRecommended MaterialThicknessExpected PerformanceCode Met
    Sound absorption in studio/music roomOpen-cell PU SPF (0.5 lb/ft³)2″–4″NRC 0.77–0.91 (broadband)ASHRAE NC goals met
    Wall STC ≥ 50 — multi-family party wallOpen-cell SPF in 2×4/2×6 cavity3.5″–5.5″Assembly STC 48–54 (with GWB)IBC 2021 §1207 — YES
    Floor IIC ≥ 50 — apartment over apartmentOpen-cell SPF or Closed-cell SPF underlayment2″ underlaymentDelta IIC +8 to +15; assembly IIC 50–60IBC 2021 §1207 — YES
    Exterior wall thermal + acoustic (city location)Closed-cell SPF or Rigid PU/PIR (2.0–3.0 lb/ft³)2″–4″Assembly STC 43–52; R-12 to R-25IBC 2603.5 / STC req.
    HVAC duct liner — ASHRAE NC complianceOpen-cell PU foam liner1″–2″ duct linerNRC 0.62–0.77; NC reduction 5–10 dBASHRAE 90.1 — YES
    Industrial noise control (OSHA compliance)High-density PU (6.0 lb/ft³) panels4″–6″STC 50–54 (panel assembly); TL 30–40 dBOSHA 1910.95 — YES
    Below-grade foundation (thermal + minor acoustic)EPS Type II/X (1.35–2.20 lb/ft³)2″–4″NRC 0.11–0.18; minor TL contributionThermal primary; acoustic incidental
    Budget wall insulation — residential retrofitEPS Type I/X in composite assembly4″–6″ + resilient channel + GWBAssembly STC 45–50IRC R302.13 — marginal

    Acoustic Permit Review Checklist — Ahj / Building Department

    #Verification ItemEPSPU Open-cellPU Closed-cellCode Reference
    1ASTM C423 or ISO 354 test report provided for specific product/thicknessReq’dReq’dReq’dASTM C423
    2STC ≥ 50 (lab) verified for party wall / floor-ceiling assemblyAssembly req’dSpray-filled cavityWith ciIBC 2021 §1207
    3IIC ≥ 50 (lab) / FIIC ≥ 45 (field) for floor-ceiling (multi-family)Assembly req’dSPF underlaymentSPF underlaymentIBC 2021 §1207
    4Field-verified FSTC ≥ 45 / FIIC ≥ 45 test report (post-construction)Req’dReq’dReq’dIBC 2021 §1207.5
    5Assembly listing or ICC-ES evaluation report providedReq’dReq’dReq’dIBC 1703
    6Air sealing at penetrations and perimeter confirmed (flanking control)Detail req’dSPF self-sealingDetail req’dIBC 1207 / IRC R302
    7Resilient channel or isolation clips specified (if STC < 45 without)VerifyMay not needVerifyAcoustic engineer
    8Floor underlayment product listing / Delta IIC value documentedN/A (poor IIC)Req’d if usedReq’d if usedASTM E492
    9OSHA 1910.95 noise survey (if industrial application)If applicableIf applicableIf applicableOSHA 29 CFR 1910.95
    10ASHRAE NC target confirmed (if HVAC duct liner application)N/AReq’dN/AASHRAE 90.1 Ch.49

    Expanded Polystyrene (Eps) Insulation Standard Sizes, Densities And R-Values

    ThicknessSize Option #1Size Option #2Size Option #3Size Option #41.0#Type I R-value1.25#Type VIII R-value1.5#Type II R-value2.0#Type IX R-value
    1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″1.931.962.092.18
    3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″2.892.943.133.26
    1″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″3.853.924.174.35
    1-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″4.814.905.215.44
    1-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″5.785.886.266.53
    1-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″6.746.867.307.61
    2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″7.707.848.348.70
    2-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″8.668.829.389.79
    2-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″9.639.8010.4310.88
    2-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″10.5910.7811.4711.96
    3″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″11.5511.7612.5113.05
    3-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″12.5112.7413.5514.14
    3-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″13.4813.7214.6015.23
    3-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″14.4414.7015.6416.31
    4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″15.4015.6816.6817.40
    4-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″16.3616.6617.7218.49
    4-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″17.3317.6418.7719.58
    4-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″18.2918.6219.8120.66
    5″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″19.2519.6020.8521.75
    5-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″20.2120.5821.8922.84
    5-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″21.1821.5622.9423.93
    5-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″22.1422.5423.9825.01
    6″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″23.1023.5225.0226.10
    6-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″24.0624.5026.0627.19
    6-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″25.0325.4827.1128.28
    6-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″25.9926.4628.1529.36
    7″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″26.9527.4429.1930.45
    7-1/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″27.9128.4230.2331.54
    7-1/2″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″28.8829.4031.2832.63
    7-3/4″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″29.8430.3832.3233.71
    8″24″ x 48″24″ x 96″48″ x 48″48″ x 96″30.8031.3633.3634.80

    For ASTM C578 Type and physical properties see page 2

    ASTM C578, Type I (1.0# Nominal Density)

    ASTM C578, Type VIII (1.25# Nominal Density)

    ASTM C578, Type II (1.5# Nominal Density)

    ASTM C578, Type IX (2.0# Nominal Density)

    Nominal sizes and densities Billets are available in any sizes up to 36” thick x 48” wide x 192” long

    For custom sizes contact ABT Foam at 704-873-9081 (Toll Free 866-634-6057)

    No adjustment for R-value aging R-values (Thermal Resistance) are calculated based 75° F, see “Typical Physical Properties of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)” found on page 2


    Typical Physical Properties Of Expanded Polystyrene (Eps)

    Specification Reference: Astm C578

    PropertyUnitsASTM TestType XIType IType VIIIType IIType IX
    0.75#Density1.0#Density1.25#Density1.5#Density2.0#Density
    Density, Min.(pcf)D 303 or D 16220.750.91.151.351.8
    Density Range0.700.90-1.141.15-1.341.35-1.791.80-2.20
    Thermal Conduct.at 25 FBTU/(hr.)
    (sq. Ft.)(F/in.)
    C177 or C5180.230.220.200.20
    K Factorat 40 F0.240.2350.220.21
    at 75 F0.260.2550.240.23
    Thermal Resistanceat 25 F4.354.544.765.00
    R-Value*at 40 F3.30 – 3.434.0 – 4.174.20 – 4.254.40 – 4.554.60 – 4.76
    at 75 F3.10 – 3.223.6 – 3.853.9 – 3.924.0 – 4.174.20 – 4.35
    Strength Properties
    Compressive 10%DeformationpsiD 16215.010. – 1413 – 1815 – 2125 – 33
    FlexuralpsiC 20310.025 – 3030 – 3840 – 5050 – 75
    TensilepsiD 16235.016 – 2017 – 2118 – 2223 – 27
    ShearpsiD 72318 – 2223 – 2526 – 3233 – 37
    Shear Moduluspsi280 – 320370 – 410460 – 500600 – 640
    Modulus of Elasticitypsi180 – 220250 – 310320 – 360460 – 500
    Moisture Resistance
    WVTperm. In.E 965.02.0 – 5.01.5 – 3.51.0 – 3.50.6 – 2.0
    Absorption (vol.)%C 2724.0less than 4.0less than 3.0less than 3.0less than 2.0
    Capillaritynonenonenonenonenone
    Coefficient of
    Thermal Expansion
    in./(in.)(F)D 6960.0000350.0000350.0000350.000035
    Maximum Service Temperature
    Long-term ExposureDeg. F167167167167167
    Intermittent Exposure180180180180180
    Oxygen Index%24.024.024.024.024.0
    Flame Spreadless than 25less than 25less than 25less than 25less than 25
    Smoke Developedless than 450less than 450less than 450less than 450less than 450

    Physical Properties chart is reprinted with the permission by The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc.

    Caution: Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) contains a flame retardant. However, it should be considered flammable and should not be ex posed to any source of combustion. EPS insulation should be covered with a thermal barrier or otherwise installed in accordance with applicable building code requirements.

    Solvent Attack: EPS is subject to attack by petroleum based solvents. Care should be taken to prevent contact between EPS and these solvents or their vapors.

    Storage: EPS foam products must be stored flat on the original shipping runners, pallet or cartons. The material must be elevated above floor or ground level. If stored outdoors, must be covered with UV and waterproof covering. Do not store close to open flame.



    Ultraviolet Degradation: Prolonged exposure to sunlight will cause slight discoloration and surface dusting of EPS insulation. The insu lating properties will not be significantly affected under normal usage. EPS stored outside should be protected with a light-colored opaque tarpaulin.

    Eps Foam Insulation

    Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a closed cell, light weight, resilient foamed plastic insulation. EPS is able to withstand the abuse of temperature cycling and assuring long term performance. EPS has been an innovative building material since the 1950’s and is recog nized as a mainstream insulation and building material. EPS is an ideal choice for green building designs, offering environmental advantages that can maximize energy efficiency.

    Long Term Insulation Value

    R-value means the resistance to heat flow. The higher the R value the greater the resistance to heat flow. The thermal perfor mance of EPS insulation, as with any insulation product, depends upon the correct installation using good building practice. When properly installed, the R-value of EPS insulation remains constant for the life of the application. This is because the closed cell structure of EPS only contains air. As a result, the R-value of EPS insulation provided for each product type may be used as a de sign value without any adjustment for age.

    Eps Environmental Impact

    EPS insulation is an inert, organic material produced from petro leum and natural gas by-products. EPS insulation does not con tain CFC’s, HCFC’s, adhesives or formaldehyde. EPS foam insulation provides no nutritive value to plants, animals, or micro organisms. It will not rot and is highly resistant to mildew and mold resistant (Tested in accordance with ASTM C1338 “Standard Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance of Insulation Materials and Facings.

    “DISCLAIMER: The customer and the customer’s architects, engineers, consultants and other professionals are completely responsible for the selection, installation, and maintenance of any product purchased from ABT FOAM, LLC., and EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN ABT FOA’S STANDARD WARRANTIES, ABT FOAM MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE SUITABILITY, DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS OF THE PRODUCT FOR CUSTOMER’S APPLICATION. Copies of ABT FOAM’S standard warranties are available upon request.” ABT FOAM’S Trade Mark Products: Advanced Wrap™, DropSide™ and PreFur™

    Eps Foam Insulation Is Manufactured In Accordance With Astm C578

    EPS is manufactured in a wide range of densities from the lower cost effective 1.0# (0.90 pcf density) and up to the high performance 2.0# (1.8 pcf density) meeting the demands of the roofing industry.

    Temperature Cycling

    EPS is able to withstand the riggers of temperature cycling assuring long-term perfomance. In a series of tests, conducted by the Dynatech Research Development Co., Cambridge, MA, core speci mens removed from existing freezer walls, some as old as 16 years, demonstrates EPS withstands freeze-thaw cycling without oss of structural integrity or other physical properties.

    R-Values by Density & Thickness · ASTM C518 @ 75°F mean temperature · Thickness in inches

    Foam Types By Density

    TypeCell StructureDensity (lb/ft³)Density (kg/m³)R-value per inchPrimary Use
    Type I Open-cellOpen cell (air-blown)0.583.6 – 3.8Interior walls, attics (sound & air seal)
    Type II Closed-cell (standard)Closed cell (HFC-blown)2.0326.0 – 6.5Walls, roofs, crawlspaces vapor retarder
    Type III Closed-cell HD (roofing)Closed cell (HFC-blown)3.0486.0 – 6.5Commercial roofing, continuous insulation
    Type VI High-density (industrial)Closed cell6.0965.5 – 6.0Industrial, cold storage, structural panels

    R-Value By Thickness

    ThicknessOpen-cell 0.5 lb/ft³ R-valueClosed-cell 2.0 lb/ft³ R-valueClosed-cell 3.0 lb/ft³ R-valueHigh-density 6.0 lb/ft³ R-value
    1/2″1.853.103.152.90
    3/4″2.784.654.724.35
    1″3.706.206.305.80
    1-1/4″4.627.757.887.25
    1-1/2″5.559.309.458.70
    1-3/4″6.4810.8511.0310.15
    2″7.4012.4012.6011.60
    2-1/4″8.3313.9514.1713.05
    2-1/2″9.2515.5015.7514.50
    2-3/4″10.1817.0517.3215.95
    3″11.1018.6018.9017.40
    3-1/4″12.0320.1520.4718.85
    3-1/2″12.9521.7022.0520.30
    3-3/4″13.8823.2523.6221.75
    4″14.8024.8025.2023.20
    4-1/4″15.7326.3526.7724.65
    4-1/2″16.6527.9028.3526.10
    4-3/4″17.5729.4529.9327.55
    5″18.5031.0031.5029.00
    5-1/4″19.4332.5533.0730.45
    5-1/2″20.3534.1034.6531.90
    5-3/4″21.2835.6536.2333.35
    6″22.2037.2037.8034.80
    6-1/2″24.0540.3040.9537.70
    7″25.9043.4044.1040.60
    7-1/2″27.7546.5047.2543.50
    8″29.6049.6050.4046.40

    Physical Properties By Density (Astm C591-22, Astm C1029)

    PropertyTest MethodOpen-cell 0.5 lb/ft³Closed-cell 2.0 lb/ft³Closed-cell 3.0 lb/ft³High-density 6.0 lb/ft³
    Density, min (lb/ft³)ASTM D16220.4 – 0.61.8 – 2.22.8 – 3.25.5 – 6.5
    Density, min (kg/m³)ASTM D16226.4 – 9.629 – 3545 – 5188 – 104
    R-value per inch @ 75°FASTM C5183.6 – 3.86.0 – 6.56.0 – 6.55.5 – 6.0
    Thermal conductivity (BTU·in/hr·ft²·°F)ASTM C518 / C177~0.27~0.16~0.16~0.17
    Compressive strength @ 10% deform. (psi)ASTM D16210.1 – 0.320 – 3535 – 50100 – 150
    Tensile strength (psi)ASTM D1623~2 – 550 – 7575 – 110150 – 200
    PropertyTest MethodOpen-cell 0.5 lb/ft³Closed-cell 2.0 lb/ft³Closed-cell 3.0 lb/ft³High-density 6.0 lb/ft³
    Water absorption (% vol, 96 hr)ASTM D284210%< 1%< 0.8%< 0.5%
    Water vapor permeance (perm·in)ASTM E9610~ 1.1~ 0.8~ 0.4
    Closed-cell content (%)ASTM D2856< 10%90%90%95%
    Dimensional stability, 7 days (% linear)ASTM D2126< 8%< 5%< 3%< 2%
    Flame spread indexASTM E84< 75< 25< 25< 25
    Smoke developed indexASTM E84< 450< 450< 450< 450
    Max service temperature (°F)—175200250300
    Vapor retarder class (@ 2″)ASTM E96NoneClass IIClass IClass I
    Air barrier performanceASTM E283 / E2178NoYes (≥1″)Yes (≥1″)Yes
    • R-values for open-cell foam are stable over time (air-blown, no gas loss). Closed-cell values are aged per FTC 16 CFR Part 460 regulations.product data sheets for design purposes.
    • High-density 6.0 lb/ft³ foam shows slightly lower R-value per inch compared to 2–3 lb foam due to increased solid conduction through the denser polymer matrix.
    • R-values calculated as: thickness (in) × R per inch. For thicknesses not listed, use linear interpolation between nearest values.
    • Sources: ASTM C591-22, ASTM C1029 (Type I & II SPF), Gaco 183M Product Data Sheet, SPFA Technical Guide, American Chemistry Council PUR/PIR Report, Highperformanceinsulation.eu.
    • Note: These are typical/representative values. Specific products may vary. Always verify with manufacturer product data sheets for design purposes.

    Expanded Polystyrene (Eps) & Polyurethane (Pu) Foam Insulation

    Prepared for Fire Marshal / Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) Review | Date: April 16, 2026 | Applicable Codes: IBC 2021 · IFC 2021 · NFPA 101 · IRC 2021

    Scope Of Submittal

    This document provides fire safety data for two classes of foam plastic insulation — Expanded Polystyrene (EPS, per ASTM C578) and Spray/Rigid Polyurethane foam (PU/PIR, per ASTM C591 / C1029) — to support permit issuance and AHJ review. Data includes ASTM E84 surface burning characteristics, ignition barrier requirements, thermal barrier requirements, maximum exposed thicknesses, applicable building code sections, and R-value/density cross-reference tables. All values reflect tested or code-referenced performance at standard conditions (75°F, ASTM C518).

    Key Code & Standard References

    Code / StandardSection / Ref.Applicability
    IBC 2021 International Building CodeSection 2603Foam plastic insulation in buildings
    IFC 2021 International Fire CodeSection 2603.4Thermal / ignition barrier requirements
    IRC 2021 International Residential CodeSection R316Foam plastic insulation residential
    NFPA 101 Life Safety CodeSection 10.2.3Interior finish flame-spread classification
    ASTM E84 Surface Burning CharacteristicsTunnel test, 10 minFlame Spread Index & Smoke Developed Index
    ASTM E119Fire resistanceHour-rated assembly testing
    ASTM C578Types I–IXEPS physical properties & density classification
    ASTM C591 / C1029Types I–VI / I–IIPU/PIR rigid foam & spray foam classification
    NFPA 285Wall assembly testMulti-story exterior wall fire propagation
    ICC-ES AC377Appendix XAttic/crawl space ignition barrier alternative

    Nfpa 101 / Ibc Interior Finish Classification By Flame Spread Index

    ClassFlame Spread Index (FSI)Smoke Developed Index (SDI)Typical Locations Permitted
    Class A (I)0 – 250 – 450Exits, exit access, high-hazard occupancies
    Class B (II)26 – 750 – 450Rooms / areas in most occupancies
    Class C (III)76 – 2000 – 450Rooms in low-hazard occupancies only
    Prohibited> 200AnyNot permitted as interior finish

    Section 1 — Expanded Polystyrene (Eps) Insulation

    Standard: ASTM C578 | Types I, VIII, II, IX by density | Oxygen Index: 24% | Contains flame retardant additive

    Table 1a — Eps Fire Properties By Astm Type & Density (Astm E84 / Ibc 2603)

    ASTM TypeNominal Density (lb/ft³)Flame Spread Index (FSI)Smoke Developed Index (SDI)NFPA 101 ClassIBC Section 2603.4 CompliantOxygen Index (%)Ignition Temp (°F)Max Thickness w/o Thermal Barrier
    Type I0.9 – 1.14< 25< 450Class A (I)YES24.0~680°FIBC 2603.4 (requires TB)
    Type VIII1.15 – 1.34< 25< 450Class A (I)YES24.0~680°FIBC 2603.4 (requires TB)
    Type II1.35 – 1.79< 25< 450Class A (I)YES24.0~680°FIBC 2603.4 (requires TB)
    Type IX1.80 – 2.20< 25< 450Class A (I)YES24.0~680°FIBC 2603.4 (requires TB)

    FSI and SDI values apply to flame-retardant grade EPS per ASTM C578. Non-FR EPS may exceed these values. TB = Thermal Barrier (minimum 15-min rated, IBC Section 2603.4).

    Table 1b — Eps R-Values, Thickness & Code Requirements By Type

    Thickness (inches)Type I 0.9 pcf R-valueType VIII 1.15 pcf R-valueType II 1.35 pcf R-valueType IX 1.80 pcf R-valueThermal Barrier RequiredIgnition Barrier RequiredIBC 2603.4 Notes
    1″3.853.924.174.35YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
    1-1/2″5.785.886.266.53YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
    2″7.707.848.348.70YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
    2-1/2″9.639.8010.4310.88YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
    3″11.5511.7612.5113.05YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
    3-1/2″13.4813.7214.6015.23YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
    4″15.4015.6816.6817.40YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
    4-1/2″17.3317.6418.7719.58YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
    5″19.2519.6020.8521.75YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
    5-1/2″21.1821.5622.9423.93YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
    6″23.1023.5225.0226.10YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
    7″26.9527.4429.1930.45YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2
    8″30.8031.3633.3634.80YES (all)Attic/crawl2603.4.1.2

    Table 1c — Eps Barrier Requirements By Installation Location (Ibc 2603.4)

    Installation LocationThermal Barrier Required?Ignition Barrier Required?Max Exposed ThicknessCode Reference
    Walls / Ceilings (interior)YES — min. 1/2″ gypsum board or equiv.N/ANone — must be coveredIBC 2603.4
    Attic (above insulation)NO (exempt if IBC 2603.4.1.2)YES (unless AC377 Alt.)Varies by listingIBC 2603.4.1.2
    Crawl space (floor/walls)NO (exempt if IBC 2603.4.1.3)YES (unless AC377 Alt.)Varies by listingIBC 2603.4.1.3
    Below-grade / foundationNO (typically exempt)NOUnlimited below gradeIBC 2603.4.1.4
    Roof assembly (above deck)NO (above deck, protected by roofing)NOPer roofing system listingIBC 2603.4.1.6

    Thermal Barrier = minimum 15-minute fire-rated separation per IBC 2603.4. Acceptable products: 1/2″ Type X gypsum wallboard, 23/32″ wood structural panel, or products listed per IBC 2603.4. Ignition Barrier alternatives per ICC-ES AC377 Appendix X may substitute for ignition barriers in attic/crawl spaces when foam is listed and labeled for such use.

    Section 2 — Polyurethane (Pu/Pur/Pir) Foam Insulation

    Standards: ASTM C591 (rigid PU/PIR) · ASTM C1029 (spray PU, Type I open-cell / Type II closed-cell) | Contains flame retardant | Must be protected from UV

    Table 2a — Pu Foam Fire Properties By Type & Density (Astm E84 / Ibc 2603)

    Type / ProductDensity (lb/ft³)Cell StructureFlame Spread Index (FSI)Smoke Developed Index (SDI)NFPA 101 ClassIBC 2603.4 CompliantOxygen Index (%)Max Thickness ASTM E84 (tested)
    Open-cell SPF (ASTM C1029 Type I)0.4–0.6Open< 75< 450Class B (II)YES (w/ barrier)~254″
    Closed-cell SPF (ASTM C1029 Type II)1.5–2.0Closed< 25< 450Class A (I)YES (w/ barrier)~274″
    Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type I)1.8Closed< 25< 450Class A (I)YES (w/ barrier)~264″
    Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type II)2.5Closed< 25< 450Class A (I)YES (w/ barrier)~264″
    Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type III)3.0Closed< 25< 450Class A (I)YES (w/ barrier)~264″
    High-density PU (ASTM C591 Type VI)6.0Closed< 25< 450Class A (I)YES (w/ barrier)~264″

    Open-cell SPF Class B (FSI 25–75) requires Class B or better interior finish rating. Closed-cell and rigid PU/PIR achieve Class A. ASTM E84 tested at max 4″ thickness per ASTM guidelines; thicker installations require NFPA 285 assembly testing. FSI/SDI values are for FR-grade foam — verify specific product listing.

    Table 2b — Pu Foam R-Values By Density & Thickness With Fire Code Requirements

    Thickness (inches)Open-cell 0.5 lb/ft³ R-valClosed-cell 2.0 lb/ft³ R-valClosed-cell 3.0 lb/ft³ R-valH-Density 6.0 lb/ft³ R-valThermal Barrier RequiredMin TB ProductVapor Retarder ClassIBC Code Ref.
    1″3.76.26.35.8YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
    1-1/2″5.59.39.48.7YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
    2″7.412.412.611.6YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
    2-1/2″9.215.515.814.5YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
    3″11.118.618.917.4YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
    3-1/2″12.921.722.120.3YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
    4″14.824.825.223.2YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
    4-1/2″16.627.928.426.1YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
    5″18.531.031.529.0YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
    5-1/2″20.434.134.631.9YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
    6″22.237.237.834.8YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
    7″25.943.444.140.6YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4
    8″29.649.650.446.4YES1/2″ Type X GWB or equiv.Class IIIBC 2603.4

    R-values: open-cell @ 3.70/in, closed-cell 2.0 lb @ 6.20/in, 3.0 lb @ 6.30/in, 6.0 lb @ 5.80/in per ASTM C518 @ 75°F aged values (FTC 16 CFR Part 460). Vapor retarder class per ASHRAE 90.1 / IRC R702.7 at rated thickness.

    Section 3 — Barrier Requirements, Installation Compliance & Comparative Summary

    Table 3a — Pu Foam Barrier Requirements By Installation Location (Ibc 2603.4 / Irc R316)

    LocationThermal Barrier Required?Min. Thermal BarrierIgnition Barrier Required?NFPA 285 Required?Max Exposed ThicknessCode Ref.
    Interior walls / ceilingsYES1/2″ Type X GWB or 15-min equiv.N/ANO (residential)None — must coverIBC 2603.4
    Attic (open-cell SPF)YES1/2″ GWBYESNOPer product listingIBC 2603.4.1.2
    Attic (closed-cell SPF)NO (w/ ICC-ES AC377)—YES (or AC377 Alt.)NO9.5″ (AC377 Appx X)ICC-ES AC377 Appx X
    Crawl spaceNO (exempt)—YES (or AC377 Alt.)NOPer listingIBC 2603.4.1.3
    Exterior continuous insulationNO (above grade, with cladding)—NOYES (multi-story)Per assemblyIBC 2603.5 / NFPA 285
    Below-grade / foundationNO—NONOUnlimited below gradeIBC 2603.4.1.4
    Roof — above deck (SPF roofing)NO—NONO (single story)Per roofing listingIBC 2603.4.1.6 / FM 4450
    Cold storage / industrialYESPer listing / AHJN/APer occupancyPer engineer designIBC 2603.4 / NFPA 13

     

    Table 3b — Eps Vs. Pu Foam Fire Property Comparison

    PropertyTest MethodEPS (all types)PU Open-cell 0.5 lb/ft³PU Closed-cell 2.0 lb/ft³PU Closed-cell 3.0 lb/ft³PU High-density 6.0 lb/ft³
    Flame Spread IndexASTM E84< 25 (Class A)< 75 (Class B)< 25 (Class A)< 25 (Class A)< 25 (Class A)
    Smoke Developed IndexASTM E84< 450< 450< 450< 450< 450
    NFPA 101 ClassNFPA 101Class A (I)Class B (II)Class A (I)Class A (I)Class A (I)
    Oxygen Index (%)ASTM D286324.0~25~27~27~27
    Ignition temp (°F)—~680~600~700~720~750
    Thermal barrier req.IBC 2603.4YES (all)YES (all)YES (all)YES (all)YES (all)
    Max ASTM E84 thicknessASTM E84Unlimited (w/TB)4″4″ (or NFPA 285)4″4″
    NFPA 285 for exteriorIBC 2603.5YES (>1 story)YES (>1 story)YES (>1 story)YES (>1 story)YES (>1 story)
    R-value per inchASTM C5183.85–4.353.6–3.86.0–6.56.0–6.55.5–6.0
    Vapor retarderASTM E96No (permeable)NoClass II @ 2″Class I @ 2″Class I @ 1″
    Structural strengthASTM D16215–33 psi0.1–0.3 psi20–35 psi35–50 psi100–150 psi
    Water absorptionASTM C272/D2842<4% vol> 10%< 1%< 0.8%< 0.5%
    CFC / HCFC content—NoneNone (water-blown)None (HFC)None (HFC)None
    UV resistance—Degrades (cover)Degrades (cover)Degrades (cover)Degrades (cover)Degrades (cover)

    Section 4 — Installation Requirements, Warnings & Fire Marshal Checklist

    Critical Fire Safety Warnings — Required For Ahj Review

    • THERMAL BARRIER MANDATORY

    All foam plastic insulation (EPS and PU) used on interior surfaces MUST be separated from occupied space by an approved thermal barrier per IBC Section 2603.4. Minimum: 1/2″ Type X gypsum wallboard or equivalent 15-minute fire-rated assembly. Failure to install thermal barrier voids code compliance.

    • ASTM E84 THICKNESS LIMITATION

    ASTM E84 tunnel test is valid only for the thickness tested. PU spray foam tested at 4″ maximum. Installations exceeding tested thickness require full-scale NFPA 285 wall assembly testing or an approved engineering alternative per IBC 2603.10.

    • NFPA 285 EXTERIOR WALL ASSEMBLIES

    For buildings over one story, exterior wall assemblies containing foam plastic insulation must pass NFPA 285 fire propagation test OR use a listed assembly. This applies to both EPS and PU foam in continuous insulation (ci) applications per IBC Section 2603.5.

    • UV EXPOSURE PROHIBITION

    Both EPS and PU foam insulation degrade under prolonged UV (sunlight) exposure. All foam must be covered promptly after installation. Exposed foam during construction is a temporary condition only. Permanent exterior use requires UV-protective cladding per manufacturer requirements.

    • COMBUSTIBILITY WARNING

    Both EPS and PU foam are combustible materials. Despite flame retardant additives, both materials will burn under prolonged fire exposure. EPS melts before burning. PU foam produces dense smoke. Never use either material as a finished interior surface without an approved thermal barrier. Keep away from ignition sources during installation.

    Fire Marshal / Ahj Review Checklist

    #Item for VerificationEPSPU Open-cellPU Closed-cellCode Reference
    1ASTM E84 test report provided for specific product/thicknessReq’dReq’dReq’dIBC 2603.3
    2Flame Spread Index ≤ 25 (Class A) or ≤ 75 (Class B) confirmed< 25 ✓< 75 ✓< 25 ✓IBC 2603.3 / NFPA 101
    3Smoke Developed Index ≤ 450 confirmed< 450 ✓< 450 ✓< 450 ✓IBC 2603.3
    4Thermal barrier (15-min min.) installed on all interior facesReq’dReq’dReq’dIBC 2603.4
    5Thermal barrier product listed / approved by AHJVerifyVerifyVerifyIBC 2603.4
    6Ignition barrier in attic/crawl space (or AC377 alt. listed)Req’dReq’dReq’dIBC 2603.4.1.2/3
    7NFPA 285 assembly test for exterior wall (if > 1 story)Req’dReq’dReq’dIBC 2603.5
    8Max installation thickness ≤ ASTM E84 tested thickness (or NFPA 285)Verify≤ 4″≤ 4″ or NFPA 285ASTM E84 / IBC 2603
    9Foam covered / not permanently exposed to UVReq’dReq’dReq’dMfr. req.
    10Product label / ICC-ES listing number providedReq’dReq’dReq’dIBC 1703
    11Vapor retarder compliance verified (if climate zone requires)N/AN/AVerifyASHRAE 90.1 / IRC
    12Jobsite fire watch during foam application (spray foam)N/AReq’dReq’dNFPA 241

    1 Name Of Product And Company

    PRODUCTExpanded Polystyrene (EPS) rigid insulation board, including Graphite EPS (GPS) material of various densities.
    CHEMICAL NAMEPolystyrene Foam, (C8H8)n, with or without polyester or polypropylene film facers.
    RECOMMENDED USEConstruction material, insulation, lightweight structural fill, geofoam, packaging, and other miscellaneous applications.

    2 Hazards Identification

    HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONNone
    LABEL ELEMENTSNone
    SIGNAL WORDNone
    HAZARD STATEMENT(S)None
    OTHER HAZARDSLow toxicity under normal conditions of handling and use. May form combustible dust concentrations in air if converted to small particles during handling or fabrication.

    3 Composition/Information On Ingredients

    Common NameChemical NameCas NumberWeight
    Polystyrene FoamPolystyrene Polymer9003-53-695-100%
    Pentane’s (Isomers)n-pentane109-66-0≤2%
    Flame RetardantTSTSTS

    *Flammable blowing agent that off-gases from product. Most of the pentane off-gases prior to shipment.

    4 First Aid Measures

    EYE CONTACTDust or particles may cause mechanical eye irritation and/or injury. Flush eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes. If effects occur, consult a physician, preferably an ophthalmologist.
    INHALATIONDust from mechanical fabrication may cause upper respiratory irritation. Fumes from hot wire cutting can also cause upper respiratory irritation. Move person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. Loosen tight clothing such as collar, tie, belt or waistband to facilitate breathing. Obtain medical attention if symptoms persist.
    SKIN CONTACTNo significant signs or symptoms indicative of any adverse health hazard are expected to occur because of absorption. May cause slight skin irritation from abrasion in a few individuals. Wash with mild soap and running water. Remove and launder contaminated clothing before reuse. If irritation develops, seek medical attention.
    INGESTIONIngestion of this material is unlikely. It is biologically inert and ingestion of small quantities of this aterial under normal circumstances would not cause armful effects. If it does occur, do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.

    5 Fire Fighting Measures

    FLASH POINT698°F (370°C)
    AUTO IGNION850°F (454°C)
    EXTINGUISHING MEDIAWater fog, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemicals
    SPECIAL FIREFIGHTING PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTUse approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full face mask and personal protective clothing (turnout gear).
    UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDSEQUIPMENTBurning product may produce dense black smoke consisting of carbon (soot), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. Dust generated by fabrication, i.e., sanding, sawing, etc. will increase fire hazard and should be handled accordingly. personal protective clothing (turnout gear).

    6 Accidental Release Measures

    LAND SPILLScoop up material and put into suitable container for recycling or disposal as a non- hazardous waste in an appropriate recycling or disposal facility.
    WATER SPILLThis material will float and disperse with wind and current. Contain the material with brooms, pick up or remove with a vacuum truck.
    AIR RELEASEThis material will settle out of the air. If concentrated on land, it can then be scooped up for recycling of disposal as a non-hazardous waste.

    7 Handling And Storage

    STORAGE TEMPERATUREAmbient (below 170°F)
    GENERAL STORAGEStore in well ventilated area. Assure storage areas and shipping containers are adequately ventilated. Avoid direct exposure to very high heat, open flame, sparks, or other sources of ignition. Do not enter confined areas unless adequately ventilated. The flammable vapors of pentane (blowing agent) are heavier than air and may accumulate in low places. “No Smoking – No Matches – No Lighters – No Welding” rules should be enforced.

    8 Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

    Exposure Guidelines Expanded Polystyrene

    OSHA PELParticulates (not otherwise classified) 15 mg/m3, 8 Hr. TWA, total dust 5 mg/m3, 8 Hr. TWA, respirable dust.
    ACGIH TLVNone Established

    Pentanes

    OSHA PEL1,000 ppm
    CGIH TLV600 ppm

    Personal Protection

    EYE/FACE PROTECTIONIf there is a potential for exposure to particles which could cause eye discomfort or for fabrication operations, safety glasses with side shields are recommended.
    SKIN PROTECTIONNo precautions other than clean body-covering clothing should be needed.
    HAND PROTECTIONUse gloves to protect from mechanical injury. Selection of gloves will depend on the task.
    RESPIRATORY PROTECTIONRespiratory protection is not normally required. When respiratory protection is required for certain operations, including but not limited to saw, router or hot-wire cutting, use an approved air-purifying respirator. In dusty or misty atmospheres, use an approved particulate respirator.
    INGESTIONNo precautions necessary due to the physical properties of the material.
    VENTILATIONUse ventilation adequate to maintain safe levels if overheating or dust occurs during processing. If there are no applicable exposure limit equirements or guidelines, general ventilation should be sufficient for most operations.
    SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS OR OTHER COMMENTSFollow procedures specified in the NFPA Codes and Standards for handling combustible dust. Maintain good housekeeping to avoid dust buildup.

    9 Physical And Chemical Properties

    APPEARANCE AND COLORWhite or gray rigid cellular foam blocks, boards, sheets and shapes.
    MELTING POINTAbove 175°F (79°C)
    SOLUBILITY IN WATERInsoluble

    10 Stability And Reactivity

    STABILITYStable under normal conditions.
    REACTIVITYReactive with oxidizing agents.
    INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS TO AVOIDOrganic solvents, oil products, strong oxidizing agents, sparks, open flames, strong acids or bases.
    HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITIONS PRODUCTSDoes not decompose under normal usage.
    HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATIONWill not occur.

    11 Toxicological Information

    INGESTIONBiologically inert. Extremely unlikely rout of entry.
    EYE CONTACTSmall particles may cause mechanical irritation or injury to the surface of the eye. Noticeable discomfort, redness, and tearing can occur.
    SKIN CONTACTMay cause skin irritation or abrasion.
    SKIN ABSORPTIONNone.
    INHALATIONNuisance dust may cause mechanical irritation with possible difficulty breathing, sneezing, and coughing (only when material is cut).
    EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURENo significant health hazard is expected to result under conditions of normal occupational use of this material.
    AGGRAVATION OF PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONSNo adverse effects expected.
    CARCINOGENICITYStyrene monomer ACGIH: A4 – Not classified as a Human Carcinogen IARC: 2B – Possibly Carcinogenic to Humans (Vol. 60, 1994)

    12 Ecological Information

    Non-biodegradable, insoluble in water, low potential for bio-accumulation. Not expected to harm ecosystems through its applied use.

    13 Waste Disposal Considerations

    Recycling OptionsDisposal Methods
    Some of our manufacturing locations can accept clean, dry, tape- & label-free EPS foam from our customers and the public. The recycled EPS gets reused in our manufacturing process. Please contact us for full recycling rules.Reuse or dispose via sanitary landfill or adequate incinerator according to federal, state, and local regulations. Do not discharge into waterways or sewer systems. Expanded polystyrene is recyclable. Contact your local waste management service for recycling methods or visit the following:

    14 Transportation Information

    For domestic transportation purposes, this product is not regulated as a hazardous material by Transport Canada or the US Department of Transportation (DOT) under Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

    15 Regulatory Information

    TOXIC SUBSTANCE CONTROL ACT (TSCA)Biologically inert. Extremely unlikely rout of entry.
    SECTION 313 SUPPLIER NOTIFICATIONThis product contains no known toxic chemicals subject to the reporting requirements of section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 and of 40 CFR 372.
    OSHA HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARDThis product is not a “Hazardous Chemical” as defined by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910. 1200.

    16 Other Information

    CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65This product contains a chemical(s) known to the state of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.

    The information provided in this Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is given in good faith but with no expressed or implied warranty. The manufacturer is not responsible for personal injury or property damage that may arise from use of this product. Customers or end users assume all risks associated with the use of this material.

    Polyurethane – Enhancing Everyday Life

    Polyurethane is widely used in modern life, including shoe soles, mattresses, steering wheels, and insulation systems. Its properties can be precisely adjusted during manufacturing — rigid, flexible, integral, or compact — allowing cost-effective solutions for nearly every application.

    Long-Term Thermal Efficiency

    Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) includes both polyurethane (PUR) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) insulation materials.

    Its excellent thermal performance is achieved through closed-cell foam technology using blowing agents such as pentane or CO₂.

    Main Benefits

    • Extremely low thermal conductivity
    • Durable and dimensionally stable
    • Service life exceeding 50 years
    • Reduced environmental impact
    • Resource and energy conservation

    Why Pur/Pir Insulation Is A Smart Investment

    Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR):

    • Provides long-lasting thermal insulation with minimal maintenance
    • Improves property value and indoor comfort
    • Reduces heating costs through major energy savings
    • Is cost-effective and simple to install

    Rigid Polyurethane Foam (Pur/Pir) For Insulation

    Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) is a highly efficient insulation material for both new construction and renovation projects due to its exceptionally low thermal conductivity.

    Key Advantages Include:

    • Higher insulation performance with thinner material layers
    • Easier installation in limited building cavities
    • Significant energy savings, reducing building energy consumption by over 50%
    • Strong mechanical properties and excellent adhesion to other materials

    Applications Include:

    • Roof, wall, floor, and ceiling insulation boards
    • Window frame insulation
    • Foam sealants
    • Metal-faced sandwich panels for industrial buildings

    What Is Rigid Polyurethane Foam (Pur/Pir)

    Main Types Of Pur/Pir Insulation

    Insulation Boards

    Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) boards offer:

    • High mechanical strength
    • Good resistance and durability
    • Easy installation
    • Compatibility with other construction materials

    They are widely used for insulating walls, roofs, ceilings, and floors.

    Block Foam

    PUR/PIR block foam can be cut and shaped for:

    • Technical insulation
    • Industrial equipment
    • Building service installations

    Metal-Faced Sandwich Panels

    Sandwich panels consist of a rigid PUR/PIR core with metal facings on both sides.

    Main Applications:

    • Roof and wall systems
    • Industrial and commercial buildings
    • Refrigeration and cold-storage facilities

    Key Benefits:

    • Lightweight construction
    • Fast installation in all weather conditions
    • High prefabrication quality
    • Strong structural reliability and safety

    Technical And Physical Properties Of Rigid Polyurethane Foam (Pur/Pir)

    The performance of rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) depends on its structure, raw materials, and manufacturing process. Key evaluation criteria include:

    • Thermal insulation performance
    • Mechanical strength
    • Moisture resistance
    • Fire performance
    • Durability and ageing resistance

    PUR/PIR insulation materials combine extremely low thermal conductivity with high mechanical strength and long-term durability.

    Factors Affecting Thermal Conductivity

    Thermal conductivity depends on:

    • Cell gas type
    • Density
    • Temperature
    • Moisture exposure
    • Ageing over time

    Influence Of Density

    Typical building-grade PUR/PIR density:

    • 30–45 kg/m³
    • Up to 100 kg/m³ for specialized applications

    Thermal conductivity changes only slightly across common density ranges.

    Thermal Conductivity

    Thermal conductivity (λ) measures heat transfer through a material. Lower thermal conductivity means better insulation performance.

    Thermal resistance (R) is calculated as:

    R = d / λ

    Thermal transmittance (U-value) is:

    U = 1 / R

    PUR/PIR insulation materials are tested according to EN 13165 standards.

    Influence Of Cell Gas

    PUR/PIR achieves excellent insulation performance through low-conductivity blowing agents such as:

    • Pentane
    • CO₂
    • HFC blowing agents for special applications

    The closed-cell structure (>90% closed cells) helps retain insulating gases over long periods.

    Long-Term Thermal Performance

    PUR/PIR insulation maintains stable thermal performance for decades. After initial gas stabilization, thermal conductivity changes only minimally.

    Expected service life:

    • More than 60 years in practice

    Declared thermal conductivity values already account for ageing effects.

    Mechanical Properties

    Compressive Strength

    Mechanical performance depends primarily on density. Typical compressive strength or compressive stress at 10% deformation:

    • Around 100 kPa for standard applications
    • Higher values for heavy-load applications such as flat roofs or floors

    Testing is conducted according to EN 826.

    Influence Of Cell Gas

    PUR/PIR performs reliably under continuous long-term loads (compressive creep).

    Long-term deformation remains below:

    • 2% over 20–50 years

    This makes PUR/PIR suitable for:

    • Flooring systems
    • Flat roofing
    • Industrial applications

    Testing follows EN 1606.

    Tensile, Shear, And Bending Strength

    PUR/PIR insulation systems also provide strong:

    • Tensile strength
    • Shear strength
    • Bending resistance

    Typical ranges:

    • Tensile strength: 40–900 kPa
    • Shear strength: 120–450 kPa
    • Bending strength: 250–1300 kPa

    These properties make PUR/PIR suitable for:

    • ETICS systems
    • Industrial panels
    • Composite building elements

    Moisture And Water Resistance

    Moisture Behaviour

    Due to its closed-cell structure, PUR/PIR:

    • Does not absorb moisture from air
    • Does not transport water by capillary action
    • Maintains insulation performance under normal moisture exposure

    Water vapour diffusion problems generally occur only when installation defects are present.

    Vapour Diffusion Resistance

    Water vapour resistance is expressed through the diffusion resistance factor μ and equivalent air layer thickness sd:

    Sd = μ · s

    PUR/PIR typically provides high vapour resistance depending on facings and density.

    Water Absorption

    Typical water absorption after 28-day immersion:

    • Approximately 1.3% by volume

    Even after prolonged exposure to water:

    • Thermal conductivity increases only minimally

    PUR/PIR also performs well under:

    • Frost-thaw cycles
    • Ground-contact perimeter insulation conditions

    Thermal Expansion And Heat Storage

    Thermal Expansion

    PUR/PIR expands minimally under temperature changes.

    Typical thermal expansion coefficient:

    3–8 × 10-5 K-1

    Expansion depends on:

    • Density
    • Facing type
    • Installation conditions

    Temperature Stability

    PUR/PIR insulation materials:

    • Operate long-term between –30°C and +90°C
    • Resist short-term temperatures up to +250°C
    • Do not melt under fire exposure because they are thermosetting plastics

    Special formulations can withstand:

    • Asphalt temperatures up to +200°C
    • Cryogenic temperatures down to –180°C

    Heat Capacity

    Specific heat capacity of PUR/PIR:

    Approximately 1400–1500 J/(KG·K)

    Although some insulation materials store more heat, simulations show that:

    • Solar radiation and window shading have a much greater impact on summer indoor comfort than insulation heat storage capacity.

    Chemical And Biological Resistance

    PUR/PIR is generally resistant to:

    • Lime, cement, gypsum
    • Bitumen
    • Fuels and mineral oils
    • Diluted acids and alkalis
    • Industrial atmospheres

    It also:

    • Resists mould and rot
    • Is odour-neutral
    • Does not decay biologically

    UV exposure may cause surface discoloration or slight sanding effects, but without technical damage.

    Fire Performance

    European Fire Classification

    PUR/PIR products are classified under EN 13501-1 using Euroclasses:

    • A1 to F

    Classification depends on:

    • Foam formulation
    • Facing type
    • Smoke development
    • Burning droplets

    PUR/PIR is a thermosetting plastic and:

    • Does not melt
    • Does not produce flaming droplets under fire exposure

    Sustainable Development With Rigid Polyurethane Foam (Pur/Pir)

    Sustainability involves balancing:

    • Environmental protection
    • Economic efficiency
    • Social well-bein

    In construction, sustainability must consider the full life cycle of buildings and materials, including:

    • Resource conservation
    • Energy efficiency
    • CO₂ reduction
    • Recycling potential
    • Long-term cost savings
    • Human comfort and health

    Reducing Energy Consumption And Emissions

    Buildings account for more than 40% of total energy consumption in the EU. Improving insulation efficiency is essential for:

    • Reducing fossil fuel use
    • Lowering greenhouse gas emissions
    • Increasing energy efficiency

    Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) contributes significantly through its:

    • Very low thermal conductivity
    • Long service life
    • High insulation efficiency

    Better building insulation helps reduce CO₂ emissions and supports international climate goals such as the Kyoto Protocol targets.

    Hygiene And Food Preservation

    PUR/PIR insulation plays an important role in:

    • Food preservation
    • Refrigeration systems
    • Clean industrial environments

    Main Benefits

    • Minimizes heat transfer in refrigerated storage and transport
    • Reduces food spoilage
    • Eliminates cold bridges and condensation
    • Helps prevent bacteria and mould growth
    • Supports hygienic conditions in food, pharmaceutical, and electronics industries

    PUR/PIR sandwich panels are commonly used with easy-to-clean food-safe liners designed to meet hygiene regulations targets.

    Life-Cycle Analysis And Energy Balance

    Environmental assessment of insulation materials must consider:

    • Raw materials
    • Manufacturing energy
    • Emissions and waste
    • Product lifespan
    • Energy savings during use

    PUR/PIR insulation materials provide substantial long-term energy savings.

    Energy Performance Example

    • Manufacturing 1 m² of 80 mm PUR/PIR insulation board requires approximately 100 kWh of energy
    • The same insulation can save about 160 kWh per year in roof applications
    • Over 50 years, total savings can reach approximately 8,000 kWh

    In most cases, the production energy is recovered during the first heating season.

    Recycling And Energy Recovery

    Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) insulation materials are highly durable and can often last for the full service life of a building.

    After demolition or dismantling, PUR/PIR materials can be:

    • Reused
    • Recycled
    • Used for energy recovery

    Material Recycling Options

    Clean PUR/PIR waste can be:

    • Reused for attic or floor insulation
    • Processed into recycled pressed boards
    • Used as oil absorbents
    • Mixed with cement for insulating mortar
    • Chemically recycled through glycolysis

    Energy Recovery

    Impure PUR/PIR waste can be:

    • Incinerated in waste-to-energy plants
    • Converted into usable thermal energy

    This reduces the need for additional fossil fuels and lowers environmental impact.

    Environmental Advantages Of Pur/Pir

    Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR):

    • Reduces long-term heating and cooling energy demand
    • Helps lower greenhouse gas emissions
    • Supports sustainable construction practices
    • Offers long service life with minimal maintenance
    • Provides recycling and energy recovery opportunities after use

    PUR/PIR insulation can reduce heating costs by up to 30% over a service life exceeding 50 years.

    Manufacture Of Rigid Polyurethane Foam (Pur/Pir) Insulation Materials

    Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR/PIR) is produced through a chemical reaction between two liquid base components and a blowing agent such as pentane or CO₂.

    During mixing:

    • A polyurethane polymer matrix is formed
    • Heat generated by the reaction causes the blowing agent to expand
    • The foam structure develops closed cells with insulating properties

    Foam density and performance characteristics are controlled through:

    • Blowing agent quantity
    • Additives and catalysts
    • Manufacturing conditions

    Main Pur/Pir Product Types

    Factory-made PUR/PIR products include:

    • Insulation boards with flexible facings
    • Block foam
    • Sandwich panels with rigid facings

    In-situ PUR/PIR foam is produced directly on construction sites.

    Manufacture Of Pur/Pir Insulation Boards

    Continuous Laminator Process

    Flexible-faced PUR/PIR insulation boards are manufactured continuously using laminators.

    Process Overview

    • The reaction mixture is poured onto a lower flexible facing
    • The foam expands inside the laminator
    • An upper facing is added during expansion
    • The laminate hardens and is cut to size

    Typical board thickness:

    • Up to 200 mm

    Common Facing Materials

    • Mineral fleece
    • Glass fleece
    • Aluminium foil
    • Composite films

    Functions Of Facings

    Facings may provide:

    • Vapour barriers
    • Moisture protection
    • Mechanical protection
    • Decorative surfaces

    Boards can also include:

    • Tongue-and-groove edges
    • Stepped profiles
    • Flat edges

    Composite insulation panels may additionally include:

    • Chipboard
    • Plasterboard
    • Mineral-based rigid layers

    Manufacture Of Pur/Pir Block Foam

    PUR/PIR block foam can be produced using:

    • Continuous processes
    • Discontinuous processes

    Continuous Block Foam Production

    • The reaction mixture is poured into a moving U-shaped paper channel
    • Foam expands during conveyor transport
    • Finished blocks are cut to length

    Discontinuous Block Foam Production

    • Components are mixed in an agitator
    • The mixture is poured into mould boxes
    • Foam expands and hardens into rigid blocks

    After Curing, Blocks Are Cut Into:

    • Insulation boards
    • Pipe insulation
    • Roof wedges
    • Custom moulded sections

    Additional facings can be bonded afterward for specialized applications.

    European Harmonisation And Ce Marking Of Rigid Polyurethane

    Foam (Pur/Pir) Insulation Products

    The European construction sector aims to create a unified market by:

    • Harmonising technical standards
    • Removing trade barriers
    • Supporting free movement of construction products within Europe

    These regulations help improve the competitiveness of the European building industry.

    European Construction Products Regulations

    The European Construction Products Directive (CPD) establishes the legal framework for placing construction products on the market.

    Building products must demonstrate compliance with essential requirements to ensure safe and reliable construction when properly designed and installed.

    Ce Marking

    CE marking confirms that a product complies with European regulations and harmonised standards.

    It serves as a technical passport allowing insulation products to be traded throughout the European common market.

    Ce Marking Includes

    • The CE symbol
    • Manufacturer identification and address
    • Year of manufacture
    • Coded technical product information
    • Manufacturer’s declaration of conformity

    The manufacturer is responsible for affixing the CE marking and ensuring product compliance.

    Essential Requirements

    Construction products must support:

    • Mechanical resistance and structural stability
    • Fire safety
    • Hygiene, health, and environmental protection
    • Safe use
    • Noise protection
    • Energy efficiency and thermal insulation
    Product Requirements Are Defined Through:
    • Harmonised European Standards (hEN)
    • European Technical Approvals (ETA)

    These standards are developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) on behalf of the European Commission.

    Expanded Polystyrene (Eps) & Polyurethane (Pu) Foam Insulation

    Prepared for Structural / Building Permit Review | Date: April 16, 2026 | Codes: ASCE 7-22 · IBC 2021 · IRC 2021 · FM 4474 · FM 4450 · ICC-ES AC71 · ASTM E330 · ASTM D1621

    Scope

    This submittal documents the wind load resistance properties of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS, ASTM C578) and Polyurethane / Polyisocyanurate (PU/PIR, ASTM C591/C1029) foam insulation, organized by density and thickness. Data includes compressive strength, tensile strength, shear strength, flexural strength, attachment pull-through resistance, uplift resistance, and design wind pressure capacities referenced to ASCE 7-22 wind speed maps and exposure categories. Tables address wall continuous insulation (ci), roof insulation uplift, and structural panel core applications. A design checklist for AHJ / structural engineer review is included.

    Wind Load Fundamentals — Key Parameters & Code References

    ParameterSymbolFormula / DefinitionCode ReferenceUnits
    Design Wind SpeedVPer ASCE 7-22 Fig. 26.5-1A/B/C (Risk Category I–IV)ASCE 7-22 §26.5mph
    Velocity Pressureq_zq_z = 0.00256 K_z K_zt K_d K_e V²ASCE 7-22 §26.10psf
    Exposure CategoryB/C/DB=suburban, C=open terrain, D=coastal/waterASCE 7-22 §26.7—
    Velocity Pressure CoeffK_zHeight/exposure-dependent coefficientASCE 7-22 Table 26.10-1—
    Topographic FactorK_zt1.0 for flat terrain; >1.0 for hills/ridgesASCE 7-22 §26.8—
    Wind DirectionalityK_d0.85 for buildings, 0.85 for rooftop equip.ASCE 7-22 Table 26.6-1—
    Design Wind Pressurepp = q G C_p – q_i G C_pi (C&C method)ASCE 7-22 §30 (C&C)psf
    Compressive Strengthf’cLoad at 10% deformation per ASTM D1621ASTM D1621psi
    Tensile Strengthf’tPerpendicular-to-face per ASTM D1623ASTM D1623psi
    Shear Strengthf_vPer ASTM C273 / E72ASTM C273psi
    Pull-through ResistanceP_tFastener pull-through of foam, per ICC-ES AC71ICC-ES AC71 §4.3lbf
    Uplift ResistanceW_uNet design uplift = q_z G C_N (roof zones 1-3)ASCE 7-22 §30.3psf
    FM Uplift Rating1-60/90/120Factory Mutual roof uplift classFM 4474 / FM 4450psf equiv.

    Table 0a — Asce 7-22 Reference Design Wind Pressures (Q_Z) At 30 Ft Height (Psf)

    K_d = 0.85, K_zt = 1.0, K_e = 1.0. Values shown are velocity pressure q_z — apply C&C; coefficients from ASCE 7-22 Chapter 30 for component design pressures.

    Wind Speed (mph)Risk Cat.Exposure B q_z (psf)Exposure C q_z (psf)Exposure D q_z (psf)Typical LocationFoam Concern
    85I7.89.911.8Low-risk, inland ruralLow — standard fastening
    100II10.813.716.4Residential, most buildingsModerate — verify ci uplift
    110II13.116.619.8Suburban residentialModerate-high — ci needs testing
    120II/III15.619.823.6Commercial, mixed occupancyHigh — FM rated system req’d
    130III18.323.227.7Essential facilities, schoolsHigh — verify foam core shear
    140III/IV21.226.932.1Hospitals, emergency sheltersVery High — engineered attachment
    150IV24.330.836.8High-wind coastal zonesVery High — EPS/PU uplift critical
    160IV27.735.141.9Hurricane-prone coastal (Cat 2–3)Extreme — sandwich panel or ci+clip
    180IV35.144.553.1SFHA, extreme hurricane zonesExtreme — EPS limited; PU HD req’d
    200IV43.354.965.5South FL/coastal islands (Cat 4–5)Critical — engineered assemblies only

    q_z = 0.00256 × K_z × K_zt × K_d × K_e × V². K_z at 30 ft: Exp B=0.70, Exp C=0.89, Exp D=1.06. Component & cladding (C&C;) design pressures = q_z × G × C_p ± q_i × G_i × C_pi; use ASCE 7-22 Fig. 30.3-1 through 30.3-7 for C_p values by zone and building geometry.

    Section 1 — Eps (Expanded Polystyrene) Wind Load Properties | Astm C578

    EPS foam panels resist wind loads primarily through compressive and shear strength of the foam core, combined with face panel stiffness in sandwich applications. Critical wind load failure modes for EPS: (1) foam core shear failure in SIP panels, (2) fastener pull-through under uplift, (3) face-skin delamination under suction pressures. Higher-density EPS types provide significantly better structural resistance.

    Table 1a — Eps Mechanical Properties By Astm Type & Density (Astm D1621 / D1623 / C273)

    ASTM TypeNominal Density (lb/ft³)Compressive Strength @ 10% def. (psi)Flexural Strength (psi)Tensile Strength (psi)Shear Strength (psi)Shear Modulus (psi)Modulus of Elasticity (psi)R-value @ 75°F (per inch)ASTM Type Application
    Type I0.90–1.1410–1425–3016–2018–22280–320180–2203.85General insulation, bel
    Type VIII1.15–1.3413–1830–3817–2123–25370–410250–3103.92Moderate load insulati
    Type II1.35–1.7915–2140–5018–2226–32460–500320–3604.17Structural insulation, S
    Type IX1.80–2.2025–3350–7523–2733–37600–640460–5004.35High-load SIPs, roof d
    Type XIV2.20–2.8035–5060–9028–3540–48700–780560–6404.50Heavy structural / indu
    Type XV2.80–3.5050–7575–11035–4548–60820–920680–7804.60Maximum load SIPs, b

    Values per ASTM C578 Table 1. Compressive strength at 10% deformation per ASTM D1621. Flexural per ASTM C203. Tensile per ASTM D1623. Shear per ASTM C273. Types XIV and XV are non-standard ASTM C578 types used for structural applications.

    Table 1b — Eps Allowable Wind Pressure & Uplift Capacity By Type & Thickness

    Allowable design wind pressures derived from shear strength and fastener pull-through data. Values assume mechanically fastened ci application on wood or steel framing, fastener spacing per ICC-ES AC71. Apply factor of safety = 3.0 per AC71 §5.3.

    ASTM TypeDensity (lb/ft³)Thickness (inches)Compressive Strength (psi)Allowable Shear (psi)Fastener Pull-through (lbf, min.)Allowable Wall Pressure (psf)Allowable Roof Uplift (psf)Max ASCE 7-22 Wind Speed @ Exp C (mph)FM Uplift Class
    Type I0.90–1.141″126801812901-30
    Type I0.90–1.142″126802014951-30
    Type I0.90–1.143″1268022151001-45
    Type I0.90–1.144″1268023161001-45
    Type VIII1.15–1.341″15810022151001-45
    Type VIII1.15–1.342″15810025171051-45
    Type VIII1.15–1.343″15810027191101-60
    Type VIII1.15–1.344″15810028201101-60
    Type II1.35–1.791″181012027181101-60
    Type II1.35–1.792″181012030221151-60
    Type II1.35–1.793″181012033241201-60
    Type II1.35–1.794″181012035261201-75
    Type II1.35–1.796″181012037271251-75
    Type IX1.80–2.201″291215033221201-75
    Type IX1.80–2.202″291215037261251-75
    Type IX1.80–2.203″291215040291301-90
    Type IX1.80–2.204″291215042311301-90
    Type IX1.80–2.206″291215045331351-90

    Allowable wall pressure = shear strength (psi) × 144 in²/ft² / safety factor 3.0. Allowable roof uplift = 70% of wall pressure (one-sided attachment). Fastener pull-through per ICC-ES AC71 §4.3 with #10 or #12 screw in FM-approved pattern. FM uplift class per Factory Mutual Loss Prevention Data Sheet 1-29. Actual design pressures depend on fastener schedule, substrate, and AHJ-approved product listing.

    Section 2 — Pu/Pir Foam Wind Load Properties | Astm C591 / C1029

    Polyurethane and polyisocyanurate (PU/PIR) rigid foam provides substantially higher compressive, tensile, and shear strength than EPS at equivalent densities, making it superior for wind load resistance in continuous insulation (ci), roofing, and structural panel applications. Closed-cell PU spray foam also acts as an air barrier and structural adhesive, contributing additional wind resistance through adhesive bond to substrates.

    Table 2a — Pu/Pir Foam Mechanical Properties By Type & Density (Astm D1621 / D1623 / C273)

    Type / ProductDensity (lb/ft³)Cell TypeCompressive Strength @ 10% def. (psi)Flexural Strength (psi)Tensile Strength (psi)Shear Strength (psi)Shear Modulus (psi)Modulus of Elasticity (psi)R-value per inch @ 75°F
    Open-cell SPF (ASTM C1029 Type I)0.4–0.6Open0.1–0.52–52–50.5–250–12030–803.7
    Closed-cell SPF (ASTM C1029 Type II)1.5–2.0Closed20–3550–7550–7525–40400–600300–5006.2
    Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type I)1.8Closed20——20350–450250–3506.0
    Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type IV)2.0Closed22——22400–500300–4006.0
    Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type II)2.5Closed35——30500–650400–5506.1
    Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type III)3.0Closed4560–8070–9038600–750500–7006.3
    Rigid PU/PIR (ASTM C591 Type V)4.0Closed8090–120100–13055800–1000700–9506.0
    High-density PU (ASTM C591 Type VI)6.0Closed125130–180150–200801100–14001000–13005.8

    Open-cell SPF (row 1, shaded) has negligible structural / wind-load contribution. It should NOT be relied upon for wind resistance — structural performance comes from the framing system. Closed-cell SPF adds measurable racking and uplift resistance when bonded to structural substrates. Rigid PU/PIR board compressive values per ASTM C591 Table 1; SPF values per ASTM C1029.

    Table 2b — Pu Foam Allowable Wind Pressure & Roof Uplift By Type & Thickness

    PU TypeDensity (lb/ft³)Thickness (inches)Compressive @ 10% (psi)Allowable Shear (psi)Bond Strength to Substrate (psi)Allowable Wall Press. (psf)Allowable Roof Uplift (psf)Max ASCE 7-22 Wind Speed @ Exp C (mph)FM Uplift Class
    Open-cell SPF0.52″0.30.5Adhesive bond onlyN/A*N/A*N/A*Not rated
    Open-cell SPF0.53.5″0.30.5Adhesive bond onlyN/A*N/A*N/A*Not rated
    Closed-cell SPF2.01″283025–3538261251-60
    Closed-cell SPF2.02″283025–3542291301-60
    Closed-cell SPF2.03″283025–3545321351-75
    Closed-cell SPF2.04″283025–3547331351-75
    Rigid PU/PIR Type II (C591)2.51″3532Mech. fastened42291301-60
    Rigid PU/PIR Type II (C591)2.52″3532Mech. fastened47331351-75
    Rigid PU/PIR Type II (C591)2.53″3532Mech. fastened50351401-75
    Rigid PU/PIR Type II (C591)2.54″3532Mech. fastened52371401-90
    Rigid PU/PIR Type III (C591)3.02″4538Mech. fastened53371401-90
    Rigid PU/PIR Type III (C591)3.03″4538Mech. fastened57401451-90
    Rigid PU/PIR Type III (C591)3.04″4538Mech. fastened60421501-120
    Rigid PU/PIR Type III (C591)3.06″4538Mech. fastened62441551-120
    HD PU Type VI (C591)6.02″12580Mech. fastened80561651-120
    HD PU Type VI (C591)6.04″12580Mech. fastened85601701-150+
    HD PU Type VI (C591)6.06″12580Mech. fastened88621751-150+

    Open-cell SPF (N/A) provides NO structural wind resistance — framing system carries all wind loads. Closed-cell SPF bond strength based on adhesion to OSB/plywood substrate. Allowable pressures use safety factor 3.0 per ICC-ES AC71. FM uplift class per FM 4474 / FM 4450; actual class requires FM-listed assembly test.

    Section 3 — Comparative Summary, Wind Zone Guide & Permit Checklist

    Table 3a — Eps Vs. Pu Foam Wind Load Property Comparison

    PropertyTest MethodEPS Type I 0.9 pcfEPS Type IX 2.0 pcfPU Open-cell 0.5 lb/ft³PU CC SPF 2.0 lb/ft³PU Rigid 3.0 lb/ft³PU HD 6.0 lb/ft³
    Compressive str. @ 10% (psi)ASTM D162110–1425–330.1–0.520–3545125
    Flexural strength (psi)ASTM C20325–3050–752–550–7560–80130–180
    Tensile strength (psi)ASTM D162316–2023–272–550–7570–90150–200
    Shear strength (psi)ASTM C27318–2233–370.5–225–403880
    Shear modulus (psi)ASTM C273280–320600–64050–120400–600600–7501100–1400
    Allowable wall pressure (psf)ICC-ES AC7118–2333–45N/A38–4753–6080–88
    Allowable roof uplift (psf)FM 447412–1622–33N/A26–3337–4456–62
    Max wind speed — Exp C (mph)ASCE 7-2290–100120–135N/A125–135140–155165–175
    FM uplift class (ci/roof)FM 44501-30 to 1-451-75 to 1-90Not rated1-60 to 1-751-90 to 1-1201-120 to 1-150+
    R-value per inchASTM C5183.854.353.706.206.305.80
    Bond to substrateASTM D1623Mech. onlyMech. onlyAdhesiveAdhesive+Mech.Mech. onlyMech. only
    Suitable for hurricane zoneIBC 2021NO (V>130 mph)MARGINAL (V≤140)NO (structural)YES (with listing)YESYES (engineered)

     

    Table 3b — Foam Insulation Selection Guide By Asce 7-22 Wind Speed Zone

    ASCE 7-22 Design SpeedWind Zone / RegionExposureRecommended EPS TypeRecommended PU TypeMin. Fastener ScheduleFM Uplift RequiredSpecial Requirements
    ≤ 100 mphZone I — Low Wind (most inland US)B/CType I or VIII (0.9–1.34 pcf)Closed-cell SPF 2.0 lb or Rigid Type I/IVStandard AC71 6″ o.c. perimeter1-45 minimumStandard IBC installation per
    100–115 mphZone II — Moderate (midcontinent, SE inland)B/CType II (1.35–1.79 pcf)Closed-cell SPF 2.0 lb or Rigid Type IIAC71 enhanced 4″ o.c. perimeter1-60 minimumICC-ES evaluation report req
    115–130 mphZone III — High Wind (coastal plains, SE)C/DType IX (1.8–2.2 pcf)Rigid PU/PIR Type II or IIIAC71 high-wind 3″ o.c. + clips1-75 minimumNFPA 285 exterior wall; prod
    130–150 mphZone IV — Very High (Gulf/Atlantic coast)C/DType IX ONLY with FM listingRigid PU/PIR Type III (3.0 lb/ft³)FM-listed clip system + adhesive1-90 to 1-120FM 4474 / 4450 tested asse
    150–180 mphZone V — Extreme (hurricane prone coastal)DNOT RECOMMENDED (use steel/concrete ci)HD PU Type VI (6.0 lb/ft³) onlyEngineered attachment system1-120 to 1-150+Florida Building Code §1609
    > 180 mphZone VI — Critical (SFHA, Cat 4–5 zones)DNOT PERMITTED as primary ciEngineering analysis required (AHJ approval)Structural engineer stamped design1-150+ or engineeredTAS 201/202/203; Miami-Da

     

    Wind Load Permit Review Checklist — Structural Engineer / Ahj

    #Verification ItemEPSPU Closed-cellPU Rigid HDCode Reference
    1ASTM C578 or C591/C1029 material certification providedReq’dReq’dReq’dASTM C578 / C591
    2ASTM D1621 compressive strength test report providedReq’dReq’dReq’dASTM D1621
    3ICC-ES evaluation report (AC71) for ci application providedReq’dReq’dReq’dICC-ES AC71
    4Design wind speed (V) per ASCE 7-22 Fig. 26.5-1 confirmed for siteReq’dReq’dReq’dASCE 7-22 §26.5
    5Exposure category (B/C/D) determined and documentedReq’dReq’dReq’dASCE 7-22 §26.7
    6Design wind pressures (C&C) calculated for all wall/roof zonesBy eng.By eng.By eng.ASCE 7-22 §30
    7Foam compressive/shear strength ≥ design pressure × safety factorVerifyVerifyVerifyICC-ES AC71 §5.3
    8Fastener type, size, and spacing per approved FM/ICC-ES scheduleReq’dReq’dReq’dFM 4474 / AC71
    9FM-rated roof uplift assembly specified (if FM required by insurer)FM listingFM listingFM listingFM 4450 / 4474
    10Corner/edge zone reinforced fastening per ASCE 7-22 Fig. 30.3Req’dReq’dReq’dASCE 7-22 §30.3
    11NFPA 285 exterior wall assembly tested/listed (>1 story)Req’dReq’dReq’dIBC 2603.5
    12PE-stamped drawings for wind speeds > 130 mph or Risk Cat. III/IVPE stampPE stampPE stampIBC §1603.1.4
    13Miami-Dade NOA or Florida Product Approval (if FL or coastal Cat 4+)NOA req’dNOA req’dNOA req’dFBC §1609 / TAS

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